@phdthesis{
author = "Miljković, Predrag",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Zemljište kao prirodni resurs je konačan, neujednačenog kvaliteta i osetljivosti na degradacione procese i uslovno je obnovljiv. Iako se zemljište prirodnim procesima menja, usled neodgovarajućeg korišćenja i upravljanja zemljišnim prostorom, degradacioni procesi mogu biti ubrzani i značajno intenzivnijeg karaktera. Erozija, kao jedan od oblika fizičke degradacije, prisutna je globalno, a produkcija erozionog materijala zavisi od velikog broja faktora, pojedinačnog ili zajedničkog delovanja. Način korišćenja zemljišta u slivu utiče na produkciju i transport erozionog materijala do hidrografske mreže, pri čemu na prisustvo zagađujućih materija u nanosu utiču tip i kvalitet zemljišta, čime se definiše kvalitet nanosa. Na globalnom nivou postoje jasno definisani kriterijumi za procenu stanja kvaliteta nanosa, međutim, usled različitih metoda derivacije referentnih vrednosti, evidentno je odsustvo harmonizacije zadatih kriterijuma. U Republici Srbiji, kriterijumi za procenu kvaliteta nanosa su definisani kroz tri praga vrednosti tj. ciljna, granična i remedijaciona vrednost. U radu je kroz piramidu fizičko-hemijskih svojstava, koncentracije štetnih mikroelemenata, faktora mobilnosti i indeksa zagađenja prikazano stanje kvaliteta zemljišta i nanosa. Za potrebe kvantifikacije erozionih procesa, primenjeni su USLE, MPE i WaTEM/SEDEM model, na tri različita mikrosliva, sa aspekta načina korišćenja zemljišta. Definisan je uticaj načina korišćenja zemljišta i tipa zemljišta kako na količinu nanosa tako i na koncentraciju pojedinih štetnih mikroelemenata u suspendovanom nanosu. Značajan segment u radu prikazan je kroz kalibraciju i validaciju WaTEM/SEDEM modela, kao i primenu kalibrisanih parametara na sliv Rasine. S obzirom na heterogenost klimatskih, reljefnih, vegetacijskih, pedoloških i geoloških uslova, očekivano je prisustvo svih kategorija erozionih procesa. Rezultati pokazuju da postoji uticaj antropogenih aktivnosti (poljoprivredne aktivnosti, atmosferska depozicija i nekadašnji rudnici) na povećanje faktora obogaćenja površinskih slojeva zemljišta i suspendovanog nanosa štetnim mikroelementima, ali i na određeni stepen kontaminacije područja. Takođe, prema vrednostima zajedničkih indeksa zagađenja, izdvajaju se tri zone kontaminacije u okviru sliva Rasine (gornji deo sliva Rasine, gornji deo sliva Graševačke reke i pojedinačne manje zone u slivu Rasine). Kvalitet suspendovanog nanosa u proučavanim mikroslivovima uslovljen je načinom korišćenja zemljišta, nagibom i pedološko-geološkim uslovima. S obzirom na određene prednosti i nedostatke erozionih modela, nivo njihove primene treba uskladiti sa postojećom bazom podataka, a adaptaciju izvršiti prema prostornoj i vremenskoj rezoluciji ulaznih parametara. U lokalnim okvirima, kao neophodni element u procesu procene stanja kvaliteta zemljišta, nanosa i vode, background koncentracije mikroelemenata treba odrediti direktnim metodama, a indekse zagađenja adaptirati prema datim uslovima., Soil as a natural resource is finite, of uneven quality and sensitivity to degradation processes and is conditionally renewable. Although the soil changes by natural processes, due to improper use and land management, degradation processes can be accelerated and significantly more intensive. Erosion, as one of the forms of physical degradation, is present globally, and the production of erosion material depends on a large number of factors, with individual or joint impact. Land use/land cover in the catchment affects the production and transport of erosion material to the hydrographic network, whereby the presence of pollutants in the sediment is influenced by the type and quality of the soil, which defines the quality of the sediment. Globally, there are clearly defined criteria for assessing the state of sediment quality. However, due to different methods of derivation of reference values, there is an evident lack of harmonization of given criteria. In the Republic of Serbia, the criteria for assessing the quality of sediments are defined through three threshold values, ie. target, limit and remediation value. The paper presents the state of soil quality and sediments through a pyramid of physical and chemical properties, concentration of harmful microelements, mobility factors and pollution indices. For the purposes of quantification of erosion processes, three models (USLE, MPE and WaTEM/SEDEM) were applied to three micro-catchments, different in terms of land use. The influence of land use and soil type on the amount of sediment as well as on the concentration of certain harmful microelements in the suspended sediment is defined. An important segment in the paper is presented through the calibration and validation of the WaTEM/SEDEM model, as well as the application of calibrated parameters of the model to the river Rasina watershed. Given the heterogeneity of climate, relief, vegetation, pedological and geological conditions, the presence of all categories of erosion processes is expected. The results show that there is an impact of anthropogenic activities (agricultural activities, atmospheric deposition and former mines) on the increase of enrichment factor values in the topsoil layers and in suspended sediment by harmful microelements. According to the individual pollution indices values, there is a certain degree of contamination of the area. Also, by the analysis of complex pollution indices values, three zones of contamination within the river Rasina watershed may be distinguished (upper part of the river Rasina watershed, upper part of the Graševačka river watershed and individual smaller areas in the river Rasina watershed). The quality of suspended sediment in the studied micro-catchments is conditioned by the land use, soil type, slope and pedological-geological conditions. Given certain advantages and disadvantages of erosion models, the level of their application should be harmonized with the existing database. The adaptation should be performed according to the spatial and temporal resolution of the input parameters. As a necessary element in the process of soil, sediment and water quality assesment, on a local level, the background concentration of microelements should be determined using direct methods, while pollution indices should be adapted to the given conditions.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu, Šumarski fakultet",
title = "Uticaj načina korišćenja zemljišta na kvalitet suspendovanog nanosa u slivu reke Rasine, The influence of land use on the quality of suspended sediment in the Rasina river watershed",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_18216, t-11339"
}
