Struktura i proizvodnost mešovitih šuma smrče i jele na Kopaoniku

Abstract

Predmet ovih istraživanja bile su mešovite šume smrče i jele na prostoru NP Kopaonik, koje pripadaju zajednici smrče i jele - Abieti-Piceetum abietis Mišić et Popović, 1978. Osnov za proučavanje strukturne izgrađenosti i proizvodnog potencijala ovih šuma predstavljaju podaci sa 12 stacionarnih oglednih površina, prosečne veličine 0,18 ha. U odnosu na cenoekološku pripadnost sva ogledna polja pripadaju grupi ekoloških jedinica - šume smrče i jele (Abieti-Piceetum abietis, Mišić et Popović, 1978) na kiselim smeđim i smeđim podzolastim zemljištima, odnosno diferenciraju se u 5 ekoloških jedinica: Abieti-Piceetum abietis oxalidetosum na smeđem podzolastom zemljištu, Abieti-Piceetum abietis oxalidetosum na kiselom smeđem zemljištu, Abieti-Piceetum abietis vaccinietosum na smeđem podzolastom zemljištu, Abieti-Piceetum abietis typicum na smeđem podzolastom zemljištu i Abieti -Piceetum abietis drymetosum na smeđem podzolastom zemljištu. U strukturnom smislu, ove šume karakteriše izražena raznolikost strukturnih oblika, od strukture bliske jednodobnim sastojinama, do tipičnih višespratnih, raznodobnih sastojina. Oblik sumarnih linija raspodela stabala u većini slučajeva uslovljava smrča kao dominantna vrsta. Pri tom, dominiraju tanka i stabla srednje debljine, sa minimalnim prisustvom stabala jakih dimenzija. Prosečna zapremina ovih šuma iznosi 777 m3·ha-1, sa razmerom smese 0,7:0,3 u korist smrče. Prosečna vrednost tekućeg zapreminskog prirasta iznosi 14 m3·ha-1, sa ućešćem smrče 68% i jele 32%. Procenat prirasta se kreće od 1,6% do 2,5% i u svim oglednim poljima nešto je veći kod jele. Stanišni potencijal, sastojinske karakteristike i međusobni odnosni vrsta drveća unutar njih, rezultirali su strukturnom složenošću, visokom proizvodnošću i ekološkom stabilnošću ovih šuma, tako da u budućem gazdovanju treba izbegavati radikalnije mere i zahvate koji bi narušili uspostavljene odnose i dinamičke procese.

The subject of this research are mixed forests of spruce and fir in the area of NP Kopaonik, which belong to the community of spruce and fir - Abieti-Piceetum abietis Mišić et Popović, 1978. The basis for the study of the structural development and production potential of these forests are data from 12 sample plots, with the average size of 0.18 ha. In terms of coenoecological affiliation all the sample plots belong to the group of ecological units - forests of spruce and fir (Abieti-Piceetum abietis, Mišić et Popović, 1978) on acid brown and brown podzolic soils, which are differentiated into 5 ecological units: Abieti-Piceetum abietis oxalidetosum on brown podzolic soil, Abieti-Piceetum abietis oxalidetosum on acid brown soil, Abieti-Piceetum abietis vaccinietosum on brown podzolic soil, Abieti-Piceetum abietis typicum on brown podzolic soil and Abieti-Piceetum abietis Dr.ymetosum on brown pozolic soil. In structural terms, these forests are characterized by very diverse structural forms, ranging from the structure of even-aged stands to typical multi-storey, unevenaged-aged stands. The form of cumulative curves of tree distribution is in most cases determined by spruce as the dominant species. At the same time, thin and medium-thick trees dominate, while the presence of stems with large dimensions is minimal. The average volume of these forestse is 777 m3·ha-1, with a mixture ratio of 0.7: 0.3 in favor of spruce. The average value of the current volume increment is 14 m3·ha-1, with a 68% share of spruce and 32% of fir. The percentage of increment ranges from 1.6% to 2.5% in all sample plots and is somewhat higher for fir. The site potential, stand characteristics and relations among the tree species have resulted in structural complexity, high productivity and ecological stability of these forests. Therefore, future forest management should avoid radical measures and procedures that would violate the established relationships and dynamic processes.