Uticaj indol-buterne kiseline na ožiljavanje reznica fikusa

Abstract

Razmnožavanje reznicama predstavlja jedan od najuspešnijih metoda vegetativnog razmnožavanja ukrasnih biljaka. Fikusi spadaju u grupu biljaka koje će pored primene u enterijeru, potencijalno moći da se koriste i za otvorene prostore Beograda usled globalne promene klime. U radu je ispitivana mogućnost ožiljavanja najčešće gajenih vrsta fikusa, Ficus benjamina L. i Ficus elastica Roxb., uz pomoć indolbuterne kiseline različitih koncentracija. Ovaj fitohormon se najčešće koristi u proizvodnji ukrasnih biljaka jer je postojan i dobro stimuliše proces rizogeneze, tj. formiranja adventivnih korenova i utiče na njihovu veličinu, broj i masu. U ovom ogledu F. benjamina je imao procenat ožiljavanja 100 %, tj. ožilile su se sve reznice dok se kod F. elastica ožililo 77,66 % reznica. Utvrđeno je da najveća doza (2 %) fitohormona značajno povećava sve pokazatelje uspeha ožiljavanja F. benjamina pri čemu se ova vrsta uspešno ožiljava i uz primenu slabijih koncentracija. F. elastica se veoma slabo ožiljava bez fitohormona, dok se najbolji uspeh postiže istom koncentarcijom indolbuterne kiseline od 2 % koja je uticala na povećanje suve mase korena ovog fikusa 4 puta. Korisno bi bilo ispitati uticaj veće koncentracije ovog fitohormona kao i kombinacije sa drugim stimulatorima ožiljavanja da bi se mogla dati pouzdana preporuka o optimalnoj dozi za masovnu proizvodnju ovih fikusa.

Propagation by cuttings is one of the most successful methods of vegetative propagation of floral crops. In addition to applications in interior decoration, ficuses belong to the group of plants that will potentially be used in green spaces of Belgrade due to global climate changes. In this paper, the possibility of rooting stimulated by adding different concentrations of the indolbytric acid phytohormone was investigated in the commonly cultivated species Ficus benjamina L. and Ficus elastica Roxb.. This is the most commonly used phytohormone in the propagation of ornamental plants due to its stability and stimulation of the rooting process, i.e. its favourable impact on the formation of adventitious roots, their size, number and weight. In this research, the rooting percent of cuttings was 100 % in F. benjamina and 77.66 % in F. elastica. It was found that the highest dose (2 %) of the phytohormone significantly increased all indicators of rooting success in F. benjamina and that the application of weaker concentrations also showed good success. The rooting of F. elastica cuttings was not successful without phytohormones, and the best results were achieved at the phytohormone concentration of 2 %, which increased the dry weight of the roots of this ficus about 4 times. It would be useful to examine higher concentrations of this phytohormone and also some combinations with other rooting stimulators, to be able to make sound recommendations on the optimal dose for the mass production of these ficuses.