Taksonomska i ekološka istraživanja vrsta roda Vaccinium L. u Srbiji

Abstract

Vrste roda Vaccinium su listopadni ili zimzeleni žbunovi ili polužbunovi koje se svrstavaju u familiju Ericaceae. Široko su rasprostranjene u planinskim regionima centralne Evrope, kao i u borealnim i sub-arktičkim regionima severne Evrope, posebno u prizemnom spratu četinarskih šuma. Na područje Srbije u brdskim i planinskim regionima nalaze se tri vrste ovog roda: V. myrtillus, V. uliginosum i V. vitis-idaea. Ove vrste su dugoživeće, njihova reproduktivna strategija obuhvata i vegetativno i generativno razmnožavanje, njihove cvetove oprašuju insekti ili su samooplodne, a semena raznose ptice. Rezultati dobijeni morfo-anatomskim istraživanjima odabranih karaktera listova proučavanih vrsta statistički su obrađeni korišćenjem programa “Statistica” (StatSoft, Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA). Na osnovu analiziranik morfo-anatomskih karaktera listova, utvrđena je jasna diferencijacija između proučavanih vrsta, dok se diferencijacija između populacija u okviru iste vrste ne uočava. Varijabilnost proučavanih morfo – anatomskih karakteristika listova dovedena je u vezu sa određenim ekološkim faktorima. Klaster analizom morfo- anatomskih karakteristika listova ukazala je na mogućnost postojanje genetičke varijabilnosti između populacija, što je potvrđeno molekularno – genetičkim istraživanjima. Za potrebe molekularno-genetičkih istraživanja, DNK je izolovana iz mladih listova proučavanih vrsta. Za proučavanje genetičkog diverziteta i varijabilnosti korišćeni su RAPD markeri. Obrada podataka vršena je upotrebom nekoliko softvera: POPGENE, PAST, NTSYSpc, Arlequin i STRUCTURE 2.2...

The species of the Vaccinium genus include deciduous or evergreen shrubs which belong to the family Ericaceae. They are widespread in the mountainous regions of central Europe and in the boreal and sub-arctic regions of northern Europe, particularly on the ground floor of coniferous forests. In the hilly and mountainous regions on the territory of Serbia, three species of this genus are described: V. myrtillus, V. uliginosum and V. vitis-idaea. These species are longlived, their reproductive strategy includes vegetative and generative reproduction, their flowers are pollinated by insects, they can also be selfpollinated, and their seeds are dispersed by birds. The results obtained by morpho-anatomical investigation of leaves were statistically analyzed using the program “Statistica” (StatSoft, Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA). Based on the analysis of the morpho-anatomical character of leaves, a clear differentiation between the investigated species was noticed, while the differentiation between the populations within the same species was not observed. The variability of the studied morpho - anatomical leaf characteristics were correlated with certain environmental factors. The cluster analysis of morpho-anatomical leaf characteristics indicated the possibility of the existence of genetic variation among the populations, which was confirmed by molecular - genetic research. For the purposes of molecular genetic studies, DNA was extracted from young leaves of the studied species. For the study of genetic diversity and variability RAPD markers were used. Data analysis was performed using several kinds of software: POPGENE, PAST, NTSYSpc, Arlequin and STRUCTURE 2.2...