Kulturni predeo - od zaštićene vrednosti do planskog koncepta

Abstract

Tumačenje pojma kulturni predeo, kao i tumačenje opšteg pojma predeo, zavisi od konteksta u kom se proces odvija. Kao pojavna antiteza prirodnom predelu, a kao terminološka odrednica prostorne i vremenske interakcije prirode i čoveka, kulturni predeo se konceptualizuje u okvirima naučnih oblasti koje se bave istraživanjem vrednosti u prostoru. Prikupljena i analizirana iskustva pokazuju da tradicionalno dihotoman istraživački pristup definisanju vrednosti u predelu (prirodni vs. kulturni predeli), kao i aspekt njihove zaštite, evoluira u holistički-geštaltni pristup koji je početkom XXI veka promovisan i Evropskom konvencijom o predelima. U savremenoj teoriji i praksi planiranja i zaštite prostora, koncept kulturnog predela se pojavljuje kao holistički, multidimenzionalan i multifunkcionalan entitet, koji u vremenu globalizacije treba sačuvati i razvijati u skladu s njegovim regionalnim i lokalnim identitetom (karakterom). Postavlja se pitanje: kakav metodološki pristup treba primeniti prilikom utvrđivanja vrednosti u procesu planiranja i zaštite prostora? Cilj rada je da se prikaže evolucija pristupa vrednostima u predelu od redukcionističkog do holističkog-problemski orjentisanog transdisciplinarnog istraživanja koje omogućava odgovarajuću procenu potencijala kulturnog predela i njegovu primenu u okvirima planskog koncepta. U isto vreme, cilj je da se prikaže konceptualizacija kulturnog predela u uslovima institucionalne zaštite prirodnog i kulturnog nasleđa, ali i planiranja prostora u Srbiji. Svrha rada je da se ukaže na mogućnost realizacije pravnih instrumenata Prostornog plana Republike Srbije u kojima se definiše obaveza utvrđivanja karaktera predela u planskom konceptu u prostornim i urbanističkim planovima, kao i prilikom revalorizacije vrednosti postojećih kulturnih predela. Predmet rada je teorijski koncept kulturnog predela kao i karakter kulturnog predela Tršić-Tronoša. Vrednost karaktera predela je interpretirana i metrički izražena za potrebe izrade Studije zaštite Predela izuzetnih odlika Tršić-Tronoša - kulturni predeo. Prikazana je mogućnost primene metode karakterizacije predela u procesu izrade planskog koncepta.

The interpretation of the concept of cultural landscape, as well as the interpretation of the general concept of landscape, depends on the context in which the process takes place. As an antithesis to natural landscape, and as notion of spatial and temporal interaction of man and nature, the cultural landscape is conceptualized in terms of scientific approach. The experiences prove that the traditional dichotomy in defining the landscape value (natural vs. cultural), as well as the aspect of its protection, evolving into a holistic approach, which is promoted in European Landscape Convention, at the beginning of XXI century. In the modern theory and practice of spatial planning and nature protection, the concept of cultural landscape appears as a holistic, multidimensional and multifunctional entity, which, in times of globalization, should be preserved and developed in accordance with its regional and local identity (character). The question is: what kind of methodological approach should be applied in determining the landscape value in the spatial planning and nature conservation? The aim of the research is to explain the evolution of landscape approach form reductionism to holistic problem-oriented transdisciplinary research that allows appropriate evaluation of the cultural landscape potential and its application in the spatial planning concept. At the same time, the aim is to explain the conceptualization of the cultural landscape in terms of the institutional protection of natural and cultural heritage and spatial planning in Serbia. The purpose of this paper is to point to legal instruments of the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia which defining the obligations of determining the landscape character in the planning concept in spatial and urban plans, as well as the re-evaluation of existing values of cultural landscapes. The subject of the paper is theoretical concept of cultural landscape and the character of the cultural landscape Tršić-Tronoša. The value of the landscape character is interpreted and metrically expressed for the purposes of the Study of protection of the landscape of exceptional features Tršić-Tronoša - cultural landscape. At the end, the finding of the presented research confirming the applicability of the methods of landscape characterization in the spatial planning concept.