Pojava Phytophthora vrsta na području gazdinske jedinice 'Turjak-Vršine'

Abstract

Veliki broj studija je pokazao da je više vrsta iz roda Phytophthora direktno povezano sa propadanjem stabala u različitim šumama, i da su ovi organizmi glavni izazivači truleži i gubitka finog korenja, nekroza i ozleda na matičnom korenju. Uzimajući u obzir sve navedene simptome, kao i rizike po šumarstvo i biodiverzitet, koje prisustvo ovih patogenih vrsta nosi, sprovedeno je istraživanje u Šumskom gazdinstvu 'Šumarstvo' - Raška u gazdinskoj jedinici 'Turjak-Vršne', Šumska uprava Novi Pazar, sa ciljem da se izoluju i identifikuju najvažnije vrste ovih patogenih organizama, kao i da se utvrde glavni domaćini. Sakupljani su uzorci supstrata oko korena, vode i nekrotičnih tkiva, a izolacija je vršena prema poznatoj metodologiji pomoću mamaka i direktnim postavljanjem tkiva na hranljive podloge. Testirano je 11 različitih domaćina, od čega je pet bilo pozitivno i nakon izvedenih testova izolacije, dobijeno je ukupno 29 izolata. Domaćini sa kojih je dobijeno najviše izolata su Alnus glutinosa sa 12 i Fagus sylvatica sa sedam izolata. Najčešće izolovana vrsta je bila Phytophthora plurivora i izolovana je sa tri različita domaćina. Takođe, dobijena je i P. cactorum, a identifikacija pet izolata je još uvek u toku. Ovo je prvi nalaz Phytophthora plurivora, P. gonapodyides i Phytophthora spp. na jovi u Srbiji.

Numerous studies have shown that several Phytophthora species are directly connected with the tree decline in various forests, and that these organisms are the main cause of decay and loss of fine roots, necrosis as well as of the wounds of mother roots. Due to the previously recorded symptoms and high risk to forestry and biodiversity posed by the presence of these species, a study was performed in the Forest Estate 'Šumarstvo' - Raška, in the forest management unit 'Turjak-Vršine', Forest administration in Novi Pazar. The aims of the research were to isolate and identify the Phytophthora species and their associated hosts. The samples of rhizophere soil, water and necrotic tissues were taken, and the isolation was performed according to a known methodology, using baits and direct setting of tissue culture on the media. Eleven hosts were tested, five hosts were positive and a total of 29 isolates were obtained. The hosts with the most isolates obtained were Alnus glutinosa with 12 and Fagus sylvatica with 7 isolates. The most frequently isolated species was Phytophthora plurivora, which occurred on three hosts. P. cactorum was also obtained, and the identification of five other isolates is currently going on. This is the first record of P. plurivora, P. gonapodyides and Phytophthora spp. on alder trees in Serbia.