Negativan uticaj biotičkih i abiotičkih faktora na divlji kesten (Aesculus hippocastanum L.)

Abstract

Divlji kesten (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) je endemit Balkanskog poluostrva, estetski izuzetno vredno drvo, lako se prilagođava gradskim uslovima i dosta je zastupljeno u urbanom zelenilu. Zbog toga, ističe se neophodnost boljeg poznavanja šteta koje nastaju na divljem kestenu, usled delovanja kako biotičkih, tako i abiotičkih faktora. Na osnovu višegodišnjih proučavanja i uvidom u literaturu, ustanovljene su najznačajnije vrste štetnih insekata (insekti defolijatori, sisači, Cameraria ohridella, Aegosoma scabricorne i Zeuzera pyrina), patogenih organizama (Erysiphe flexuosa, Guignardia aesculi, Phytophthora spp.), štete od soli koja se posipa na saobraćajnicama u zimskim mesecima i promenjenih temperaturnih uslova.

The scope of landscape architecture mainly focuses on urban areas, tends toward the use of plant species that are resistant and easily adaptable urban environments. Horse chestnut is decorative and resistant species to some abiotic factors is common in green infrastructure. Pests that threaten the functionality of chestnut are primarily Cameraria ohridella, insect defoliators, scale insests and Aegosoma scabricorne. The most significant pathogens on hors chestnut in Serbia are Guignardia aesculi and Phytophthora species. There is need to devote more attention to the study of powdery mildew, which is more often observed in the green spaces. Horse chestnut trees next to the road suffer from salinization of the soil and often exhibit symptoms of dying leaves on the edges. Also in cities they accumulate lead, which disrupts plant nutrition. Due to the joint action of biotic and abiotic factors, in late August and early September, horse chestnut flower again, which significantly weakens its physiological condition and makes it very susceptible to infections. Considering biotic and abiotic factors that negatively affect the horse chestnut, there is need for timely protection measures with the aim of combating pests and pathogenic microorganisms.