Komercijalizacija nedrvnih šumskih proizvoda na teritoriji AP Vojvodine

Abstract

U dosadašnjem korišćenju prirodnih resursa šumarstva, kao privredne delatnosti, dominantnu ulogu je imala eksploatacija drveta, dok je korišćenje ostalih proizvoda šume delimično zanemareno. Danas, nedrvni šumski proizvodi (NDŠP) zauzimaju sve značajnije mesto u sektoru šumarstva brojnih zemalja, tako da se prihodi od njihovog korišćenja približavaju prihodima ostvarenim klasičnom proizvodnjom drvnih sortimenata. Istraživanje koje je sprovedeno na teritoriji Vojvodine, na uzorku od šest preduzeća, koja se bave otkupom, preradom i plasmanom NDŠP imalo je za cilj sagledavanje njihove tržišne angažovanosti i, na osnovu toga, formiranje slike o tržištu ove grupe proizvoda. Dinamičkim statističkim metodama izvršena je analiza prikupljenih podataka, a zatim prikazane promene u aktivnostima otkupa, prodaje na domaćem tržištu i izvozu u intervalu od 2004-2010 godine i izvedene projekcije u budućnosti. U istraživanju, sprovedenom putem intervjua, obuhvaćene su količine otkupljenih sirovina, obim proizvodnje i prodaje, kako na domaćem, tako i na inostranom tržištu, kao i cene finalnih proizvoda. Otkup određenih vrsta lekovitog bilja se vrši na teritorijama Hrvatske i Makedonije, dok je na domaćem tržištu mreža dobavljača izuzetno široka i pretežno obuhvata: Niš, Svrljig, Čoku, Apatin, Pančevo, Rumu, Boljevac, Kanjižu i dr. Najznačajniji rast otkupa ostvaren je kod mešavine lekovitog bilja. Pored toga, značajne su i otkupljene količine mente, koje su se u proseku povećavale za 7,9 t i šipka sa rastom od 5,5 t po godini. U posmatranom periodu značajan rast plasmana na domaćem tržištu beleže sve vrste čajeva i lekovitog bilja, dok se kod začina i meda može uočiti fluktuacija količina plasmana. Prosečno algebarsko odstupanje originalnih vrednost prodaje finalnih NDŠP od aritmetičke sredine iznosi 3,48%. Uz nivo signifikantnosti od 95% procenjeno je da će se prodaja u 2012. godini kretati u intervalu od 3049,19-3343,95 t, uz uslov da se prodaja i dalje ponaša po modelu kvadratnog trenda. Prema kvadratnom trendu, a uz nivo signifikantnosti od 95% može se predvideti da će vrednost izvoza u 2012. godini biti u intervalu od 133,01-250,07 t. Uzimajući u obzir vremenski interval od 2004-2010 godine, prosečan obim izvoza iznosi 260,07 t, čime je obuhvaćeno, prevashodno, lekovito i aromatično bilje, začini i med. U posmatranom periodu izvoz je prosečno opadao za 7,03% (20,75 t godišnje).

In the previous utilization of natural resources in forestry as an economic activity, timber exploitation was always the dominant part, and the utilization of other forest products was partly neglected. Nowadays, non-wood forest products (NWFPs) occupy an increasingly significant position in the forestry sector in numerous countries, so that the revenue from their utilization approaches the returns realized by the classical production of timber products. The research performed in Vojvodina, on the sample of six enterprises dealing with NWFP purchase, processing and sale was aimed at the analysis of their market activities to create the image of the market of this group of products. After the study data were analyzed by dynamic statistical methods, the changes in the activities on purchase, the domestic sales and export sales between 2004 and 2010 were presented and future projects were visualized. The research in the form of questionnaire included the quantities of purchased raw materials, the scope of production and sales, both in the domestic, and in foreign markets, as well as the prices of final products. Some species of medicinal plants were purchased on the territories of Croatia and Macedonia, and the purchasing network in the domestic market was remarkably wide and it included predominantly: Niš, Svrljig, Čoka, Apatin, Pančevo, Ruma, Boljevac, Kanjiža, etc. The most significant growth was realised in the purchase of a mixture of medicinal plants. Also significant are the purchased quantities of mint, which on average increased by 7.9 t and rose hip by 5.5 t per year. During the study period, the domestic sale of all species of herbal teas and medicinal plants increased significantly, while spices and honey were subject to a fluctuation in sales quantity. Average algebraic deviation of the original final NWFP sale value from the arithmetic mean accounts for 3.48%. With the significance level of 95%, it is estimated that the sale in 2012 will range between 3049.19 and 3343.95 t, under the condition that the sale continues its quadratic trend. Based on the quadratic trend, and with the significance level of 95%, it can be foreseen that the value of export in 2012 will range from 133.01 to 250.07 t. As for the time interval from 2004 to 2010, the average export amounted to 260.07 t, which encompassed primarily medicinal and aromatic plants, spices and honey. During the study period, export decreased on average by 7.03% (20.75 t per year).