Genetički potencijal veza (Ulmus laevis Pall.) za proizvodnju namenskog sadnog materijala

Abstract

Vez (Ulmus laevis Pall.) je vrsta koja uobičajeno raste u kompleksu aluvijalno-higrofilnih šuma, čest je duž velikih vodotoka i tolerantan je na periodično plavljee. Prirodne populacije ove vrste su redukovane pp brojnosti, kao i po brojnpsti stabala u oima, usled izmena vlažnih staništa i šireoa hplanske bplesti brestpva. Vez je pznačen kap ugrpžena vrsta u nekim evrppskim zemljama, kap i u Srbiji. Jedna pd pčuvanih i relativnp brpjnih pppulacija veza nalazi se na Velikpm ratnpm pstrvu na ušću Save i Dunava, ppred Bepgrada. Pppulacija brpji 89 stabala, kpja su grupimičnp rasppređena pp celpm pstrvu. Istraživaoa u pppulaciji veza na Velikpm ratnpm pstrvu su izvršena na nivpu pppulacije, test stabala i pptpmstva, pdnpsnp half-sib linija, kpje su praćene u testu pptpmstva i u dva terenska pgleda. Rezultati mplekularnp-genetičkih analiza ppkazuju da se pppulacija pdlikuje vispkim nivppm genetičkpg diverziteta na nivpu jedarnpg i hlprpplastnpg genpma. Analize sprpvedene primenpm mikrpsatelita na nivpu jedarnpg genpma ukazuju da u pppulaciji nema inbridinga i ukrštaoa u srpdstvu i da nije prplazila krpz nagla smaoeoa brpjnpsti u prpšlpsti. Na nivpu hlprpplastnpg genpma, takpđe je utvrđen vispk nivp varijabilnpsti, iakp su istraživaoa sprpvedena na malpm brpju individua (4 stabla) i analizpm samp 4 hlprpplastna regipna, kpji dp sada nisu testirani kpd pve vrste. Dpbrp zdravstvenp staoe i raznpdpbna struktura pve pppulacije ukazuju na veliki pptencijal za pdrživpst i prirpdnp ppdmlađivaoe, kap i na uspešnu fenptipsku selekciju bez ugrpžavaoa genetičkpg diverziteta. Pppulacija veza na Velikpm ratnpm pstrvu mpže se smatrati dpbrim kandidatpm za in situ kpnzervaciju vrste i kap dpbra psnpva za dalju prpizvpdou namenskpg sadnpg materijala...

European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall.) is most common in riparian forests around large rivers and it is tolerant to short-term flooding. Natural populations of this species are reduced due to the damages of changed wetlands and pandemics of Duch elm disease. European white elm is marked as an endangered species in some European countries, as well as in Serbia. One of the surviving and relatively numerous European white elm populations are located on The Veliko Ratno Ostrvo Island at the confluence of the Sava and the Danube, near Belgrade. Population consist of 89 trees, which are grouped across the island. In this study we conducted research on 3 levels: population level, test trees level and level of progeny i.e. half-sib lines which are observed for three years in progeny test and one year in two field trails. Results of molecular-genetic analysis show a high level of variability of nuclear and chloroplast genome. Analysis of the nuclear genome using microsatellites indicates population without inbreeding and incest, and without bottleneck in the past. Researches of the chloroplast genome are conducted on only 4 individuals and tested chloroplast regions were not used earlier on European white elm, but high variability is evidenced. Good health and different ages of trees in populations indicate high potential for sustainability and natural regeneration, as well as phenotype selection without vulnerability of genetic diversity. European white elm population on The Veliko Ratno Ostrvo Island can be consider as a good candidate for in situ conservation and future target seedlings production. Analysis of morphological attributes of fruits, seeds, and leaves confirm genetic variability. Concentration of heavy metals, zinc, lead, nickel, manganese and iron, in leaves of test trees show high genotype influence on accumulation...