Strukturne, proizvodne i dinamičke karakteristike strogog šumskog rezervata 'Račanska šljivovica' na Tari

Abstract

Mešovite šume lišćara i četinara zbog visoke proizvodnosti i izraženog biodiverziteta predstavljaju najvredniji deo šumskog fonda Srbije. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se analizom mešovitih šuma jele, smrče i bukve prašumskog porekla u rezervatu 'Račanska Šljivovica' uoče zakonitosti koje bi potom imale primenu u gazdovanju šumama Tare. Osnov istraživanja čine podaci šest periodičnih potpunih (totalnih) premera koji su podvrgnuti klasičnoj dendrometrijskoj i statističkoj obradi. Struktura šuma bliska je tipičnoj prebirnoj strukturi. Dinamika urastanja (osim bukve) relativno je povoljna, sa odnosom prema odumrlim stablima od 1,72. Broj stabala i zapremina kontinuirano rastu, dostižu iznos 422,2 kom·ha-1, odnosno 800,3 m3·ha-1, a zapreminski prirast je i pored blagog pada visok - preko 12 m3·ha-1. Jela je nosilac prebirne strukture i proizvodnosti, nužno je stimulisati opstanak i razvoj bukve na konkretnom staništu, preispitati uravnoteženi broja stabala i zapreminu i istražiti vezu između broja uraslih stabala i zapremine sastojine.

Mixed forests of broadleaves and conifers, thanks to their high productivity and high biodiversity, are the most valuable part of the growing stock in Serbia. The aim of this research was to analyze the mixed old-growth forests of fir, spruce and beech in the reserve 'Račanska Šljivovica' so as to define the laws which could be applied in the future forest management on Mt. Tara. The research was based on the data of six periodic complete inventories followed by standard dendrometric and statistical processing. Forest structure was similar to the typical selection structure. The recruitment dynamics (except beech) was relatively favourable, with the ratio to dead trees amounting to 1.72. The number of trees and the volume increased constantly, attaining 422.2 trees·ha-1, i.e. 800.3 m3·ha-1, and the volume increment was above 12 m3·ha-1, despite a slight drop. Silver fir was the protagonist of the selection structure and productivity. It is necessary to stimulate the survival and development of beech at the concrete site, to examine the balanced number of trees and volume, and to investigate the relationship between the number of recruited trees and the stand volume.