Stanje i razvoj sastojina bukve, jele i smrče prašumskog porekla u Srbiji kao osnov za planiranje i obezbeđivanje prirodi bliskog gazdovanja

Abstract

Mešovite šume lišćara i četinara (bukve i jele; jele, smrče i bukve) zauzimaju 2,4% šumom obrasle površine Srbije. Karakterišu ih visoka proizvodnost, ekološka raznovrsnost, povećana otpornost na različite negativne uticaje, te strukturna složenost. Multifunkcionalnost ovih šuma, s jedne strane i mala površinska zastupljenost, manja od potencijalnih stanišnih mogućnosti u šumskom fondu Srbije, s druge strane, inicirali su ova istraživanja u mešovitim šuma jele- smrče-bukve na Tari i bukve-jele na Goču. Primarni cilj istraživanja bio je da se u šumama ovih lokaliteta analiziraju strukturne, dinamičke i promene u dimenzionom diverzitetu i sastavu vrsta drveća, nastale u poslednjih pedeset godina. Ocena uzroka, stepen i kvalitet nastalih promena predstavljaju polaznu osnovu za okvirno definisanje daljeg gazdinskog tretmana ovih polidominantnih zajednica u kontekstu prirodi bliskog i adaptivnog gazdovanja. Za ova istraživanja korišćeni su podaci sa 15 stacionarnih oglednih površina, od čega 6 na Tari, veličine 1,0-1,85 ha i 9 na Goču, veličine 0,93-1,70 ha. Prikupljanje podataka na oglednim površinama vršeno je na isti način prilikom svakog premera u periodu od 1955. do 2005. godine na Tari, odnosno od 1954. do 2011. godine na Goču. Podaci periodičnih, potpunih (totalnih) premera podvrgnuti su klasičnoj dendrometrijskoj i statističkoj obradi. Ocena stanja i analiza nastalih promena u istraživanim sastojinama tokom navedenog perioda izvršena je na osnovu sledećih elemenata: broja stabala, zapremine, kao i njihove distribucije po debljinskim stepenima i klasama debljine Bioleja, temeljnice, visinske strukture, visinske krive, tekućeg zapreminskog prirasta, dimenzija srednjih stabala, zapreminskog indeksa, Džini koeficijenta, indeksa stope urastanja i učešća vrsta u smesi...

Mixed forests of broadleaved and coniferous trees (beech and fir; fir, spruce and beec) account for 2.4% of the forest area in Serbia. They are characterized by high productivity, ecological diversity, increased resistance to various adverse impacts and structural complexity. Multifunctionality of these forests on one hand and small forest areas below the potential of site opportunities in the growing stock of Serbia on the other have initiated this research in mixed forests of beech spruce and fir on Mt.Tara and beech and fir on Mt.Goč. The primary aim of this research was to analyze the structural, dynamic and dimensional changes in the composition and diversity of tree species in the forests of these sites that were established in the last fifty years. Assessment of the causes, extent and quality of the current changes represent a starting point for the defining of the framework for further management treatment of these polydominant communities in the context of close-to-nature and adaptive management. Data from 15 sample plots were used for this research, of which 6 on Mt.Tara with sizes ranging from 1.0 to 1.85 ha and 9 on Mt. Goč with sizes ranging from 0.93- 1.70 hа. Data collection in the sample plots was performed every time in the same way during each forest measurement in the period from 1955 to 2005 on Mt.Tara, and from 1954 to 2011 on Mt.Goč. Data from periodic full (total) measurements were subjected to standard dendrometric and statistical processing. The assessment of status and the analysis of changes that occurred in researched stands during the specified period was performed on the basis of the following elements: the number of trees, volume, and their distribution by diameter degrees and Biolay diameter classes, basal area, height structure, height curves, current volume increment, dimensions of medium-sized trees, stand volume index, Gini coefficient, recruitment rate index and shares of species in the mixture...