Štete od jelena (Cervus elaphus) i divlje svinje (Sus scrofa) u šumskim lovištima Srbije

Abstract

Štete od krupne divljači u šumskim lovištima Srbije su retko sistematski utvrđivane i proučavane, mada je njihova pojava bila evidentna. Cilj ovoga rada je da se utvrde obimi i vrste šteta od jelena i divlje svinje na tri lokaliteta: (1) ograđeni deo lovišta 'Crni lug' (Srem), (2) ograđeni deo lovišta 'Podunavsko lovište Plavna' (jugozapadna Bačka), i (3) ograđeno uzgajalište 'Lomnička reka' (planina Veliki Jastrebac). Štete nisu utvrđene na prvom lokalitetu, dok su na drugom (novopodignuti zasadi topola) i trećem (bukove šume), štete bile prouzrokovane od jelenske divljači. Osnovni uzroci šteta bili su previsoka brojnost i poremećena struktura populacije (polna i starosna), neusklađenost šumskog i lovnog gazdovanja, nedostatak prirodne hrane, posebno pašnjačkih površina.

The systematic study and assessment of the damage by big game in forest hunting grounds in Serbia was infrequent, although the damage was evident. The objective of this paper is to identify the rates and types of damage by red deer and wild boar at three localities: (1) fenced part of the hunting ground 'Crni Lug' (Srem), (2) fenced part of the hunting ground 'Podunavsko Lovište Plavna' (Southwestern Bačka), and (3) fenced rearing centre 'Lomnička Reka' (Mt. Veliki Jastrebac). The damage was not recorded on locality (1). The damage on locality (2) (new polar plantations) and locality (3) (beech forests) was caused by red deer. The main causes of the damage were excessive density and disturbed population structure (sex and age), nonharmonised forest and hunting management, shortage of natural food, especially of pasture areas.