Amorpha fruticosa L. na vlažnim staništima Beograda

Abstract

Vrsta Amorpha fruticosa je u mnogim zemljama, kao i kod nas, jedna od najopasnijih invazivnih vrsta. Otkrivanje mehanizama koji inhibiraju širenje populacija bagrenca bi bilo od velikog značaja u pronalaženju adekvatnih mera biološke borbe. U tom smislu potrebno je prethodno, između ostalog, utvrditi ekološke i cenološke osobine bagrenca. U radu su poređena istraživanja vegetacije vlažnih staništa Beograda. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je bagrenac prisutan u šumskim zajednicama, od najnižih kota na granici pojave šume do najviših kota, gde se podzemna i poplavna voda najmanje zadržava, ili gde je isključena. Bagrenac gradi guste šibljake na livadama različitog režima vlaženja, u šumskim kulturama različitog sklopa. Ako se redovno uklanja sečom bagrenac ne ugrožava građu i florističku raznovrsnost livadskih zajednica. Bagrenca nema ili je redak u šumskim kulturama najvećeg sklopa, kao i u zajednicama koje pripadaju, ili su nekada pripadale, svezi Magnocaricion Br.-Bl.

Amorpha fruticosa is in many countries, and also in Serbia, one of the most dangerous invasive species. The detection of mechanisms which inhibit the spreading of Amorpha population would be of great significance for finding the adequate measures of biological control. In this sense, first of all it is necessary, inter alia, to determine Amorpha ecological and coenological characteristics. The vegetation studies of wet sites in Belgrade were compared. The study results indicate that Amorpha is present in forest communities, from the lowest elevations at the timber line to the highest elevations, where the periods of underground and flood waters are the shortest, or where they are absent. Amorpha forms thick brushland on meadows with different water regimes and in forest plantations of different canopy closure. If it is regularly removed by felling, Amorpha does not endanger the structure and the floristic diversity of meadow communities. Amorpha is absent or rare in forest plantations of the densest canopy, as well as in the communities which belong, or once belonged, to the alliance Magnocaricion Br.-Bl.