Spontane promene kao osnova za dobijanje novih kultivara ukrasnih sadnica

Abstract

U rasadničkoj proizvodnji nekih ukrasnih drvenastih sadnica konstatovana je pojava spontanih promena u obliku atipične pigmentacije listova (albinizam, panaširanost, crvena boja), forme listova (nazubljenost) kao i patuljastog rasta. Biljke sa mutacijama u vidu panaširanih listova uočene su kod sadnica hibridnog platana (Platanus x acerifolia (Ait.) Willd.), sibirskog bresta (Ulmus pumila L.), lovorvišnje (Prunus laurocerasus L.) i pačempresa (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Murr.) Parl.). Analizirani su tipovi panaširanosti i čestina njihovog javljanja. Kod sadnica javorolisnog platana i sibirskog bresta konstatovane se individue sa crvenom pigmentacijom listova. Atipična nazubljena forma listova uočena je kod lovorvišnje. Patuljast rast je identifikovan kod sibirskog bresta i breze (Betula pendula Roth.) na kojoj su bile formirane plodne rese na jednogodišnjoj sadnici. Analiza više morfoloških i fizioloških svojstava sadnica hibridnog platana sa različito pigmentisanim listovima nije pokazala signifikantne razlike.

In nursery stock production of some ornamental woody plants the appearance of spontaneous variability was identified in the form of atypical pigmentation of leaves (albinism, variegated, red colored), leaves shape (jaggy) and dwarfs. Mutated plants with variegated leaves were observed among hybrid plane (Platanus x acerifolia (Ait.) Willd.), Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.), laurel cherry (Prunus laurocerasus L.) and Lawson false-cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Murr.) Parl.) Seedlings. The type of variegation and frequency were analyzed. Among plane tree and Siberian elm seedlings there were observed red colored leaves. Atypical, jaggy shaped leaves were found among laurel cherry seedlings. Dwarf growth was identified at Siberian elm and birch (Betula pendula Roth.) where also found fruits at one year seedling. There were not significant differences in some morphological and physiological properties in plane tree seedlings with various pigmented leaves. .