Varijabilnost preživljavanja i rasta sadnica različitih klonova crne topole (Populus nigra L.) u plavnim uslovima Velikog ratnog ostrva

Abstract

Crna topola (Populus nigra L.) pripada ugroženim vrstama Srbije koje rastu na vlažnim staništima. Ovo istraživanje je sprovedeno na Velikom ratnom ostrvu, koje se nalazi na ušću reke Save u Dunav, na teritoriji grada Beograda. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi procenat preživljavanja i dinamika rasta sadnica različitih klonova crne topole u prvoj godini nakon sadnje u plavnim uslovima Velikog ratnog ostrva. Evidentiranje preživelih sadnica i merenja visina i prečnika obavljeni su 2019. godine, prvi put u proleće (18. aprila 2019.), drugi put u toku leta (18. jula 2019.), nakon perioda poplava, a treći put u jesen (4. oktobra 2019.), na kraju vegetacionog perioda. U radu su prikazani rezultati deskriptivne statistike, jednofaktorijalne analize varijanse (One-Way ANOVA) i klaster analize. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja, najveći procenat preživljavanja nakon perioda plavljenja zabeležen je kod klona broj 9 (85,70%), kod koga je i na kraju vegetacionog perioda preživelo 78,60% sadnica. Može se konstatovati da sadnice crne topole klona broj 9, na osnovu visokog procenta preživljavanja, imaju potencijal da budu korišćene za pošumljavanje plavnih područja, kakvo je Veliko ratno ostrvo. Međutim, sadnice ovog klona su pokazale znatno manje vrednosti izmerenih visina i prečnika, u odnosu na sadnice većine klonova i uglavnom su bile oštećene. Sa druge strane, sadnice klona 3 su bile superiornije na osnovu srednjih vrednosti visina i prečnika, dobijenih nakon merenja u sva tri perioda, uključujući i period posle plavljenja. Sadnice ovog klona imale su zadovoljavajući procenat preživljavanja, ali se on konstantno smanjivao. Klon broj 1 se izdvojio prema najslabijim rezultatima, kako u pogledu preživljavanja na kraju vegetacionog perioda, tako i u pogledu srednjih vrednosti visina i prečnika sadnica. Prilikom korišćenja ove vrste, posebnu pažnju potrebno je posvetiti očuvanju genofonda i izbegavanju osnivanja komercijalnih monoklonskih zasada, posebno u zaštićenim područjima, kao što je predeo izuzetnih odlika "Veliko ratno ostrvo".

Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) belongs to endangered species of Serbia that grow in wetlands. This research was conducted on the Great War Island, which is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, in Belgrade. This research aimed to determine the survival rate and growth dynamics of seedlings of different black poplar clones in the first year after planting in the flood conditions of the Great War Island. Recording of surviving seedlings and measurements of heights and diameters were performed in 2019, firstly in the spring (April 18, 2019), the second time during the summer (July 18, 2019), after the flooding period, and the third time in the autumn (October 4, 2019), at the end of the vegetation period. The results of descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), and cluster analysis are presented in this paper. Based on the obtained results, the highest survival rate after the flooding period was recorded in clone number 9 (85.70%), in which 78.60% of seedlings survived at the end of the vegetation period. It can be stated that the seedlings of black poplar clone number 9, based on a high survival rate, have the potential to be used for afforestation of wetlands, such as the Great War Island. However, the seedlings of this clone showed significantly lower values of measured heights and diameters, compared to the seedlings of most clones and mostly the seedlings were damaged. On the other hand, seedlings of clone 3 were superior based on the mean values of heights and diameters, obtained after the measurements in all three periods, including the period after flooding. Seedlings of this clone had a satisfactory survival rate, but it was constantly declining. Clone number 1 showed the lowest results, both in terms of survival at the end of the vegetation period and in terms of mean heights and diameters of seedlings. When using this species, special attention should be paid to preserving the gene pool and avoiding the establishment of commercial monoclonal plantations, especially in protected areas such as the Landscape of Outstanding Features "Great War Island".