Uklanjanje patogenih mikroorganizama u biološkom sistemu sa plutajućim ostrvima

Abstract

Patogeni mikroorganizmi u vodama predstavljaju veliki rizik po ljudsko zdravlje. Zbog toga je neophodno naći efikasno, ekološki pogodno i ekonomski prihvatljivo rešenje za njihovo uklanjanje iz zagađenih i otpadnih voda. Ovaj rad prikazuje efikasnost biološkog sistema sa plutajućim ostrvima u uklanjanju patogenih mikroorganizama iz vode zagađene urbane reke. Modifikovani biološki sistem se sastojao od sabirnog rezervoara, 4 bazena sa plutajućim ostrvima i 1 bazena sa algama, koje su omogućile dodatno poliranje vode. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je biološki sistem konstruisan na obali ove reke imao visoku efikasnost u redukciji brojnosti različitih grupa patogenih mikroorganizama. U okviru bazena sa plutajućim ostrvima ostvarena je 100% efikasnost u uklanjanju koliformnih bakterija fekalnog porekla, a u okviru bazena za algama redukcija patogena je nastavljena. U svim bazenima ostvarena je efikasnost uklanjanja ukupnih koliformnih bakterija od 100%, osim u četvrtom bazenu sa dekorativnim akvatičnim makrofitama u kome je efikasnost bila 97%. Broj crevnih enterokoka je redukovan u granicama 92-97% u bazenima sa biljkama, a u bazenu sa algama do 98%. Plutajuća ostrva i alge su omogućili i visoko smanjenje brojnosti aerobnih heterotrofa i fakultativnih oligotrofa. Pored toga, odnos ovih mikroorganizama je imao vrednost iznad 1 tokom celog perioda prečišćavanja, što je ukazalo da su se u sistemu neometano odvijali prirodni procesi samoprečišćavanja zagađene vode. Zahvaljujući redukciji patogenih mikroorganizama voda koja je pripadala V odnosno III klasi je po izlasku iz biološkog sistema imala karakteristike vode sa odličnim ekološkim statusom (I klasa).

Pathogenic microorganisms in water pose a great risk to human health. Therefore, it is necessary to find an efficient, environmentally friendly, and economically acceptable solution for their removal from polluted and wastewater. This paper presents the efficiency of a biological system with floating islands in the removal of pathogenic microorganisms from the water of a polluted urban river. The modified floating treatment wetland consisted of a collection tank, 4 calls with floating islands and 1 cell with algae, which enabled additional water polishing. The results of the research showed that the biological system constructed on the bank of this river had a high efficiency in reducing the number of various groups of pathogenic microorganisms. Within the cells with the floating islands, 100% efficiency in the removal of coliform bacteria of faecal origin was achieved, and the reduction of pathogens was continued within the cell with algae. The realised efficiency of removal of total coliform bacteria was 100% in all cells, except in the cell 4 with decorative aquatic macrophytes, in which the efficiency was 97%. The number of intestinal enterococci was reduced in the range of 92 to 97% in cells with plants, and up to 98% in the cells with algae. The floating islands and algae also enabled a high reduction in the number of aerobic heterotrophs and facultative oligotrophs. In addition, the ratio of these microorganisms had a value above 1 during the entire period of water treatment, which indicated that natural processes of self-purification of polluted water ran smoothly in the floating treatment wetland. Due to the reduction of pathogenic microorganisms, water that belonged to class V, i.e., III, after the discharge from the biological system, had the characteristics of water with excellent ecological status (class I).