Savremeni standardi i propisi o emisiji formaldehida iz kompozitnih ploča od drveta

Abstract

Urea-formaldehidni (UF) adheziv je još uvek jedan od najvažnijih adhezivnih sistema u proizvodnji ploča iverica i ploča vlaknatica srednje gustine (MDF). Međutim, nameštaj i elementi enterijera koji sadrže ove proizvode predstavljaju jedan od izvora emisije formaldehida u unutrašnjem prostoru. Prepoznavanje formaldehida kao supstance štetne po zdravlje čoveka imalo je snažan uticaj na sektor proizvodnje ploča na bazi drveta, pošto su se ovi proizvodi našli pod ograničenjima od strane brojnih nacionalnih i međunarodnih regulativa. Shodno tome, ovaj rad predstavlja pregled standarda i regulativa koji danas definišu emisione granice za ploče na bazi drveta, a od značaja su za tržište ovih ploča u Republici Srbiji. Ovde se, takođe, daje i kratak pregled metoda i procedura u proizvodnji ploča na bazi drveta sa veoma niskom ili bez emisije formaldehida.

The urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive is still most important adhesive system in the production of interior grade particleboards and medium density fibreboards (MDF). However, the furniture and interior fitments, incorporating these products, present one of the sources of formaldehyde emission into the indoor air. The recognition of formaldehyde as a substance that presents the risk for a human health had a strong impact on wood-based panels industry, as it came under constrains by the number of national and international regulations. Hence, this paper presents the overview of standards and regulations that define formaldehyde emission limits for wood-based panels today, and of a special interest for a wood-based panels market in the Republic of Serbia. The paper also gives an overview on a possible methods and procedures for the production of wood-based panels with low or no formaldehyde emission.