Ekološke i florističke karakteristike dva nova nalazišta vresa (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.) na području Nacionalnog parka "Đerdap"

Abstract

U radu su opisana dva nova nalazišta vresa (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.) na području Nacionalnog parka "Đerdap", na plagioklasnom gnajsu i opodzoljenom kiselom smeđem zemljištu. Vres na novim nalazištima gradi zajednicu sa bukvom (Calluno-Fagetum moesiacae Cvj. 2003). Ova zajednica je floristički vrlo siromašna i edafski uslovljena. U spratu drveća i žbunja pojavljuje se samo bukva (Fagus sylvatica. subsp. moesiaca (Maly) Czeczott)), a u spratu prizemne flore dominira vres (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.). Prema spektru areal tipova u ovoj zajednici preovlađuju mezofilne biljne vrste srednjeevropskog areal tipa, a povećano je učešće kserotermnih biljaka submediteranskog areal tipa. Prema biološkom spektru ova zajednica je hemikriptofitska sa povećanim učešćem hamefita, što indicira pogoršane stanišne uslove. Prema vlažnosti zajednica je kseromezofilna, prema reakciji zemljišta je acidofilna, prema količini azota u zemljištu izrazito oligotrofna, prema svetlosti je polusciofilna, a prema toploti je mezotermna. Zajednica bukve i vresa predstavlja degradacioni stadijum bukovih šuma.

Two new heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.) sites, located in Đerdap National park, on plagioclastic gneiss and podsolised dystric brown soil are described in this paper. Heather is the dominant species in the plant community with beech on these sites (Calluno-Fagetum moesiacae Cvj. 2003). This community is floristically poor and edaphically conditioned. Beech (Fagus sylvatica. subsp. moesiaca (Maly) Czeczott) is the only species in the tree layer, while heather dominates in the ground layer. According to the spectrum of areal types, mesic plant species of middle-European distribution type are dominant, with a significant share of plants of the xerothermous submediterranean distribution type. According to the biological spectrum, hemicryptophytes dominate in this community with a significant share of chamaephytes, which indicates deteriorated site conditions. According to the moisture requirements, the community is xeromesophillous, acidophillous according to soil reaction, according to the nitrogen content in soil it is highly oligotrophic, according to the light it is semi-tolerant, and according to the warmth requirement the community is mesothermic. The community of beech and heather represents a degradation stage of beech forests.