Uporedne karakteristike florističkog sastava šume crnog i šume crnog i belog bora na području Kopaonika

Abstract

U radu je vršeno poređenje florističkog sastava šume crnog bora i šume belog i crnog bora na području gazdinske jedinice "Jelensko osoje" na Kopaoniku, na serpentinskoj geološkoj podlozi. Između istraživanih sastojina uočene su sličnosti u florističkom sastavu, ali i značajne razlike. U šumi crnog bora se, kao izdvojena vrsta, našao crni bor (Pinus nigra) u sva tri sprata, a u šumi belog i crnog bora bukva (Fagus moesiaca) i beli bor (Pinus sylvestris). Među izdvojenim vrstama u šumi belog i crnog bora, pored navedenih, našle su se još neke mezofilne i submezofilne vrste (Vicia cracca, Phleum pretense, Erythronium dens-canis). Najveća razlika ogleda se u prisustvu kserofilnijih flornih elemenata (mediteransko-submediteranskih, mediteransko-submediteransko-pontskih i pontsko-mediteransko-submediteranskih). Ova grupa je značajno zastupljenija u šumi crnog bora, nego u šumi belog i crnog bora (20%:14%). Šuma crnog bora ima u svom florističkom sastavu više vrsta karakterističnih za borove šume i termofilne hrastove šume, više livadskih i travnih vrsta, dok zajednica belog i crnog bora sadrži više sciofilnih i acidofilnih vrsta.

A comparison of the floristic composition of the Austrian pine forest and the forest of Scots and Austrian pines in the area of `Jelensko Osoje` management unit on Mt. Kopaonik on serpentine bedrock was carried out in this study. Similarities were observed in the floral composition of the investigated stands. However, there were significant differences, too. In the Austrian pine forest, the Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) was found to be the most dominant species in all three forest layers, while the beech (Fagus moesiaca) and the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) distinguished in the forests of Scots and Austrian pines. In addition to these species, the forest of Scots and Austrian pines also included some mesophilic and sub-mesophilic species (Vicia cracca, Phleum pretense, Erythronium dens-canis). The greatest difference was observed in the presence of xerophilic floral elements (Mediterranean--Submediterranean, Mediterranean-Submediterranean-Pontic and Pontic-Mediterranean--Submediterranean). This group was significantly more present in the Austrian forest than in the Austrian and Scots pine forest (20%:14%). The floristic composition of the Austrian pine forest had more species typical of pine forests and thermophilic oak forests, more meadow and grassland species, while the Scots and Austrian pine community contained more sciophilic and acidophilic species.