TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gavrilović-Grmuša, Ivana
AU  - Miljković, Jovan
AU  - Điporović-Momčilović, Milanka
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/297
AB  - Penetration is the ability of an adhesive to move into the voids on the surface of a substrate or into the substrate itself. The cellular nature of wood can cause significant penetration of an adhesive into the substrate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the degree of condensation of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins on the radial penetration into silver fir (Abies alba, Mill.) and hence on the distribution of resin in the wood tissue by means of microscopic determination. Three UF resins with different degrees of condensation together with extender and hardener were used as adhesive mixes and were applied onto one of the surfaces to be bonded by hot pressing parallel to the grain direction, with Safranin added as a coloring agent. Microtome slides (20 mu m thick) were cut from each joint sample, showing the bondline and the two adherends with the resin penetrated in radial direction. The depth of adhesive penetration was determined by epi-fluorescence microscopy. The results show a significant correlation between the penetration behavior and the degree of condensation (molecular size, viscosity) of the resins. The higher the degree of condensation, the lower is the penetration possibility, expressed as 'Average penetration' depth (AP). The portion of filled tracheids in the radial direction on both sides of the bondline ('Filled interphase region', FIR) however, did not depend statistically on the viscosity of the resin mix.
T2  - Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology
T1  - Influence of the Degree of Condensation on the Radial Penetration of Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives into Silver Fir ( Abies alba , Mill.) Wood Tissue
EP  - 1453
IS  - 8-10
SP  - 1437
VL  - 24
DO  - 10.1163/016942410X501034
UR  - conv_947
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gavrilović-Grmuša, Ivana and Miljković, Jovan and Điporović-Momčilović, Milanka",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Penetration is the ability of an adhesive to move into the voids on the surface of a substrate or into the substrate itself. The cellular nature of wood can cause significant penetration of an adhesive into the substrate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the degree of condensation of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins on the radial penetration into silver fir (Abies alba, Mill.) and hence on the distribution of resin in the wood tissue by means of microscopic determination. Three UF resins with different degrees of condensation together with extender and hardener were used as adhesive mixes and were applied onto one of the surfaces to be bonded by hot pressing parallel to the grain direction, with Safranin added as a coloring agent. Microtome slides (20 mu m thick) were cut from each joint sample, showing the bondline and the two adherends with the resin penetrated in radial direction. The depth of adhesive penetration was determined by epi-fluorescence microscopy. The results show a significant correlation between the penetration behavior and the degree of condensation (molecular size, viscosity) of the resins. The higher the degree of condensation, the lower is the penetration possibility, expressed as 'Average penetration' depth (AP). The portion of filled tracheids in the radial direction on both sides of the bondline ('Filled interphase region', FIR) however, did not depend statistically on the viscosity of the resin mix.",
journal = "Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology",
title = "Influence of the Degree of Condensation on the Radial Penetration of Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives into Silver Fir ( Abies alba , Mill.) Wood Tissue",
pages = "1453-1437",
number = "8-10",
volume = "24",
doi = "10.1163/016942410X501034",
url = "conv_947"
}

Gavrilović-Grmuša, I., Miljković, J.,& Điporović-Momčilović, M.. (2010). Influence of the Degree of Condensation on the Radial Penetration of Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives into Silver Fir ( Abies alba , Mill.) Wood Tissue. in Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 24(8-10), 1437-1453.
https://doi.org/10.1163/016942410X501034
conv_947

Gavrilović-Grmuša I, Miljković J, Điporović-Momčilović M. Influence of the Degree of Condensation on the Radial Penetration of Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives into Silver Fir ( Abies alba , Mill.) Wood Tissue. in Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. 2010;24(8-10):1437-1453.
doi:10.1163/016942410X501034
conv_947 .

Gavrilović-Grmuša, Ivana, Miljković, Jovan, Điporović-Momčilović, Milanka, "Influence of the Degree of Condensation on the Radial Penetration of Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives into Silver Fir ( Abies alba , Mill.) Wood Tissue" in Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 24, no. 8-10 (2010):1437-1453,
https://doi.org/10.1163/016942410X501034 .,
conv_947 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gavrilović-Grmuša, Ivana
AU  - Dunky, Manfred
AU  - Miljković, Jovan
AU  - Điporović-Momčilović, Milanka
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/296
AB  - Penetration of adhesives plays an important role in wood adhesion, since wood is a porous material. Objectives of this work were (i) the evaluation of the influence of the degree of condensation of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins on their penetration into beech, showing the distribution of the adhesive in the cell layers close to the bondline using microscopic detection, and (ii) the comparison of data for beech with results for fir obtained earlier. The degree of penetration mostly depends on the permeability and porosity of the wood surface as well as on the resin type and the size of the resin molecules. The process parameters, which also can affect penetration, were kept constant throughout all tests performed. The results show a significant correlation between the penetration behavior and the degree of condensation (molecular size, viscosity) of the resins and adhesive mixes based on these resins. The higher the degree of condensation, the lower the possibility for penetration, expressed as "Average penetration depth" (AP). AP into beech is higher than into fir. The portion of filled tracheids and vessels on the whole cross section of the interphase ("Filled interphase region" FIR) increases slightly with the degree of condensation, but this increase is not statistically significant. FIR in fir is higher than in beech.
T2  - Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology
T1  - Radial Penetration of Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive Resins into Beech ( Fagus Moesiaca )
EP  - 1768
IS  - 8-10
SP  - 1753
VL  - 24
DO  - 10.1163/016942410X507812
UR  - conv_948
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gavrilović-Grmuša, Ivana and Dunky, Manfred and Miljković, Jovan and Điporović-Momčilović, Milanka",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Penetration of adhesives plays an important role in wood adhesion, since wood is a porous material. Objectives of this work were (i) the evaluation of the influence of the degree of condensation of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins on their penetration into beech, showing the distribution of the adhesive in the cell layers close to the bondline using microscopic detection, and (ii) the comparison of data for beech with results for fir obtained earlier. The degree of penetration mostly depends on the permeability and porosity of the wood surface as well as on the resin type and the size of the resin molecules. The process parameters, which also can affect penetration, were kept constant throughout all tests performed. The results show a significant correlation between the penetration behavior and the degree of condensation (molecular size, viscosity) of the resins and adhesive mixes based on these resins. The higher the degree of condensation, the lower the possibility for penetration, expressed as "Average penetration depth" (AP). AP into beech is higher than into fir. The portion of filled tracheids and vessels on the whole cross section of the interphase ("Filled interphase region" FIR) increases slightly with the degree of condensation, but this increase is not statistically significant. FIR in fir is higher than in beech.",
journal = "Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology",
title = "Radial Penetration of Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive Resins into Beech ( Fagus Moesiaca )",
pages = "1768-1753",
number = "8-10",
volume = "24",
doi = "10.1163/016942410X507812",
url = "conv_948"
}

Gavrilović-Grmuša, I., Dunky, M., Miljković, J.,& Điporović-Momčilović, M.. (2010). Radial Penetration of Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive Resins into Beech ( Fagus Moesiaca ). in Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 24(8-10), 1753-1768.
https://doi.org/10.1163/016942410X507812
conv_948

Gavrilović-Grmuša I, Dunky M, Miljković J, Điporović-Momčilović M. Radial Penetration of Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive Resins into Beech ( Fagus Moesiaca ). in Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. 2010;24(8-10):1753-1768.
doi:10.1163/016942410X507812
conv_948 .

Gavrilović-Grmuša, Ivana, Dunky, Manfred, Miljković, Jovan, Điporović-Momčilović, Milanka, "Radial Penetration of Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive Resins into Beech ( Fagus Moesiaca )" in Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 24, no. 8-10 (2010):1753-1768,
https://doi.org/10.1163/016942410X507812 .,
conv_948 .