TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanković, Dragica
AU  - Jovanić, Predrag
AU  - Krstić, Borivoj
AU  - Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
AU  - Trivan, Goran
AU  - Ivanović, Sabina
AU  - Vucinić, Aleksandra
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/528
AB  - Belgrade is one of the greenest capitals in Europe. The protected natural area, "Avala" (i.e. a separate part of unit that is declared as a landscape of outstanding features) is located on the territory of Belgrade and attracts the attention of all profiles of researchers. It should be noted also that the area of Avala was bombed in 1999 and the Avala Tower was destroyed. Researches aiming to determine the pollutant loading of the area are of particular importance. The aim of this research is to determine the content of 16 types of PAHs in three different locations on Avala sites 1, 2 and 3, with sampling of soil at two different depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). One of the most frequent streets in downtown Belgrade (locality 4) was chosen as control site. On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that the soil of Avala is well preserved, which is in line with the declaration that Avala is a protected area.
T2  - Fresenius Environmental Bulletin
T1  - Concentration of pahs in forest ecosystems of the protected natural resource "Avala"
EP  - 141
IS  - 1
SP  - 136
VL  - 22
UR  - conv_2154
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stanković, Dragica and Jovanić, Predrag and Krstić, Borivoj and Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana and Trivan, Goran and Ivanović, Sabina and Vucinić, Aleksandra",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Belgrade is one of the greenest capitals in Europe. The protected natural area, "Avala" (i.e. a separate part of unit that is declared as a landscape of outstanding features) is located on the territory of Belgrade and attracts the attention of all profiles of researchers. It should be noted also that the area of Avala was bombed in 1999 and the Avala Tower was destroyed. Researches aiming to determine the pollutant loading of the area are of particular importance. The aim of this research is to determine the content of 16 types of PAHs in three different locations on Avala sites 1, 2 and 3, with sampling of soil at two different depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). One of the most frequent streets in downtown Belgrade (locality 4) was chosen as control site. On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that the soil of Avala is well preserved, which is in line with the declaration that Avala is a protected area.",
journal = "Fresenius Environmental Bulletin",
title = "Concentration of pahs in forest ecosystems of the protected natural resource "Avala"",
pages = "141-136",
number = "1",
volume = "22",
url = "conv_2154"
}

Stanković, D., Jovanić, P., Krstić, B., Šijačić-Nikolić, M., Trivan, G., Ivanović, S.,& Vucinić, A.. (2013). Concentration of pahs in forest ecosystems of the protected natural resource "Avala". in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 22(1), 136-141.
conv_2154

Stanković D, Jovanić P, Krstić B, Šijačić-Nikolić M, Trivan G, Ivanović S, Vucinić A. Concentration of pahs in forest ecosystems of the protected natural resource "Avala". in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 2013;22(1):136-141.
conv_2154 .

Stanković, Dragica, Jovanić, Predrag, Krstić, Borivoj, Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana, Trivan, Goran, Ivanović, Sabina, Vucinić, Aleksandra, "Concentration of pahs in forest ecosystems of the protected natural resource "Avala"" in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 22, no. 1 (2013):136-141,
conv_2154 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
AU  - Stanković, Dragica
AU  - Krstić, Borivoj
AU  - Vilotić, Dragica
AU  - Ivetić, Vladan
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/481
AB  - The research of heavy metals contents (Pb, Mn, Zn, Ni, Fe) in soil in the area of the National Park, Fruska gora", along the highway M21 shows lower values for manganese, zinc and iron than the maximum allowed quantity prescribed by law. For nickel and lead it shows higher values than maximum allowed quantity. The heavy metals contents in leaves of lime tree in 12 analyzed genotypes are far below average values in accordance with ECCE with all genotypes except genotype 7 for lead and genotypes 7 and 8 for iron. The results of analysis of variance components show that out of four components (locality, genotype, locality x genotype and error) only the interaction between locality and genotype does not contribute to variance. The contents of Pb, Mn, Fe and Zn in leaves is primarily influenced by genotype while Ni contents may be considered a consequence of locality. The selection of genotypes which is able to uptake greater quantities of heavy metals than other genotypes may serve as a solid basis for phytoextraction of heavy metals as a technology by which heavy metals, metalloids and radionuclides are extracted from environment through usage of suitable species and plant genotypes able to uptake and accumulate the given pollutants in parts of plant tissue.
PB  - Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Genetika-Belgrade
T1  - The potential of different lime tree ( tilia spp) genotypes for phytoextraction of heavy metals
EP  - 548
IS  - 3
SP  - 537
VL  - 44
DO  - 10.2298/GENSR1203537S
UR  - conv_1066
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana and Stanković, Dragica and Krstić, Borivoj and Vilotić, Dragica and Ivetić, Vladan",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The research of heavy metals contents (Pb, Mn, Zn, Ni, Fe) in soil in the area of the National Park, Fruska gora", along the highway M21 shows lower values for manganese, zinc and iron than the maximum allowed quantity prescribed by law. For nickel and lead it shows higher values than maximum allowed quantity. The heavy metals contents in leaves of lime tree in 12 analyzed genotypes are far below average values in accordance with ECCE with all genotypes except genotype 7 for lead and genotypes 7 and 8 for iron. The results of analysis of variance components show that out of four components (locality, genotype, locality x genotype and error) only the interaction between locality and genotype does not contribute to variance. The contents of Pb, Mn, Fe and Zn in leaves is primarily influenced by genotype while Ni contents may be considered a consequence of locality. The selection of genotypes which is able to uptake greater quantities of heavy metals than other genotypes may serve as a solid basis for phytoextraction of heavy metals as a technology by which heavy metals, metalloids and radionuclides are extracted from environment through usage of suitable species and plant genotypes able to uptake and accumulate the given pollutants in parts of plant tissue.",
publisher = "Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Genetika-Belgrade",
title = "The potential of different lime tree ( tilia spp) genotypes for phytoextraction of heavy metals",
pages = "548-537",
number = "3",
volume = "44",
doi = "10.2298/GENSR1203537S",
url = "conv_1066"
}

Šijačić-Nikolić, M., Stanković, D., Krstić, B., Vilotić, D.,& Ivetić, V.. (2012). The potential of different lime tree ( tilia spp) genotypes for phytoextraction of heavy metals. in Genetika-Belgrade
Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd., 44(3), 537-548.
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1203537S
conv_1066

Šijačić-Nikolić M, Stanković D, Krstić B, Vilotić D, Ivetić V. The potential of different lime tree ( tilia spp) genotypes for phytoextraction of heavy metals. in Genetika-Belgrade. 2012;44(3):537-548.
doi:10.2298/GENSR1203537S
conv_1066 .

Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana, Stanković, Dragica, Krstić, Borivoj, Vilotić, Dragica, Ivetić, Vladan, "The potential of different lime tree ( tilia spp) genotypes for phytoextraction of heavy metals" in Genetika-Belgrade, 44, no. 3 (2012):537-548,
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1203537S .,
conv_1066 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanković, Dragica
AU  - Krstić, Borivoj
AU  - Knežević, Milan
AU  - Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
AU  - Bjelanović, Ivan
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/415
AB  - The protected natural resource Avala, is a landscape of outstanding features and is located in the territory of the city of Belgrade, the city municipality Vozdovac. To assess the ecological quality of soil on the Avala mountain a research of heavy metals contents (Pb, Ni, Fe, Zn and Mn) was performed at three different locations (location 1, 2 and 3) whereby the sampling was performed on two different depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). As control location one street in the centre of the city with the heaviest traffic (location 4) was chosen. On the basis of the obtained results it can be generally concluded that the soil on Avala is well preserved which is in line with the declaration of the Avala mountain as protected area.
T2  - Fresenius Environmental Bulletin
T1  - Concentrations of heavy metals in soil in the area of the protected natural resource "Avala" in Belgrade
EP  - 502
IS  - 2 A
SP  - 495
VL  - 21
UR  - conv_2222
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stanković, Dragica and Krstić, Borivoj and Knežević, Milan and Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana and Bjelanović, Ivan",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The protected natural resource Avala, is a landscape of outstanding features and is located in the territory of the city of Belgrade, the city municipality Vozdovac. To assess the ecological quality of soil on the Avala mountain a research of heavy metals contents (Pb, Ni, Fe, Zn and Mn) was performed at three different locations (location 1, 2 and 3) whereby the sampling was performed on two different depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). As control location one street in the centre of the city with the heaviest traffic (location 4) was chosen. On the basis of the obtained results it can be generally concluded that the soil on Avala is well preserved which is in line with the declaration of the Avala mountain as protected area.",
journal = "Fresenius Environmental Bulletin",
title = "Concentrations of heavy metals in soil in the area of the protected natural resource "Avala" in Belgrade",
pages = "502-495",
number = "2 A",
volume = "21",
url = "conv_2222"
}

Stanković, D., Krstić, B., Knežević, M., Šijačić-Nikolić, M.,& Bjelanović, I.. (2012). Concentrations of heavy metals in soil in the area of the protected natural resource "Avala" in Belgrade. in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 21(2 A), 495-502.
conv_2222

Stanković D, Krstić B, Knežević M, Šijačić-Nikolić M, Bjelanović I. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil in the area of the protected natural resource "Avala" in Belgrade. in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 2012;21(2 A):495-502.
conv_2222 .

Stanković, Dragica, Krstić, Borivoj, Knežević, Milan, Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana, Bjelanović, Ivan, "Concentrations of heavy metals in soil in the area of the protected natural resource "Avala" in Belgrade" in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 21, no. 2 A (2012):495-502,
conv_2222 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
AU  - Krstić, Borivoj
AU  - Vilotić, Dragica
AU  - Stanković, Dragica
AU  - Oljaca, Rodoljub
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/368
AB  - Vascular plants can precisely indicate the presence and intensity of different pollutants (heavy metals, chemical substances etc.) in air and soil in natural ecosystems as well as in the urban environments. The accumulation of heavy metals in plants in higher concentrations indicates the relative increase and the pollution spread all over the habitat. For comparative analyses of heavy metal contents (Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn) in leaves, we have chosen four plant species, two woody: Silver lime (Tillia tomentosa Mnch.) and European Black Pine (Pinus nigra Am.) and two herbs: Plantain (Plantago media L.) and Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Web.). The research was performed on three locations away from the central part of the city of Belgrade and one location in the city centre on soil loaded with heavy metals. The obtained results indicate that herbs are capable of accumulation of higher quantities of Pb, Ni, Zn and Fe in their leaves than woody plants growing in the same habitat. Cluster analysis dendogram clearly shows grouping of woody plants and herbs in two homogenous groups indicating their differences and specific group characteristics concerning the uptake and deposition of heavy metals by plants.
T2  - Fresenius Environmental Bulletin
T1  - Comparative research of accumulation of heavy metals in woody plants and herbs
EP  - 3100
IS  - 12
SP  - 3095
VL  - 20
UR  - conv_2209
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana and Krstić, Borivoj and Vilotić, Dragica and Stanković, Dragica and Oljaca, Rodoljub",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Vascular plants can precisely indicate the presence and intensity of different pollutants (heavy metals, chemical substances etc.) in air and soil in natural ecosystems as well as in the urban environments. The accumulation of heavy metals in plants in higher concentrations indicates the relative increase and the pollution spread all over the habitat. For comparative analyses of heavy metal contents (Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn) in leaves, we have chosen four plant species, two woody: Silver lime (Tillia tomentosa Mnch.) and European Black Pine (Pinus nigra Am.) and two herbs: Plantain (Plantago media L.) and Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Web.). The research was performed on three locations away from the central part of the city of Belgrade and one location in the city centre on soil loaded with heavy metals. The obtained results indicate that herbs are capable of accumulation of higher quantities of Pb, Ni, Zn and Fe in their leaves than woody plants growing in the same habitat. Cluster analysis dendogram clearly shows grouping of woody plants and herbs in two homogenous groups indicating their differences and specific group characteristics concerning the uptake and deposition of heavy metals by plants.",
journal = "Fresenius Environmental Bulletin",
title = "Comparative research of accumulation of heavy metals in woody plants and herbs",
pages = "3100-3095",
number = "12",
volume = "20",
url = "conv_2209"
}

Šijačić-Nikolić, M., Krstić, B., Vilotić, D., Stanković, D.,& Oljaca, R.. (2011). Comparative research of accumulation of heavy metals in woody plants and herbs. in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 20(12), 3095-3100.
conv_2209

Šijačić-Nikolić M, Krstić B, Vilotić D, Stanković D, Oljaca R. Comparative research of accumulation of heavy metals in woody plants and herbs. in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 2011;20(12):3095-3100.
conv_2209 .

Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana, Krstić, Borivoj, Vilotić, Dragica, Stanković, Dragica, Oljaca, Rodoljub, "Comparative research of accumulation of heavy metals in woody plants and herbs" in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 20, no. 12 (2011):3095-3100,
conv_2209 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanković, Dragica
AU  - Krstić, Borivoj
AU  - Orlović, Saša
AU  - Trivan, Goran
AU  - Poljak, Leopold Pajnik
AU  - Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/353
AB  - Being the inhabitants of all parts of the environment (water, air, soil) plants can very precisely point to the ecological conditions of the environment. Vascular plants are often used for biomonitoring of heavy metals. The analyses are most often performed on plant leaves. The results of this research clearly indicate that pollution with lead on the locations of Avala (locations 1, 2 and 3), although being of an anthropogenic origin, do not result only from traffic, while on location 4 due to the frequency of traffic, the greatest agent of lead pollution is traffic. The accumulation of heavy metals in plants in higher concentrations indicates the relative increase and pollution spread all over the habitat.
T2  - Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
T1  - Woody plants and herbs as bioindicators of the current condition of the natural environment in Serbia
EP  - 3512
IS  - 15
SP  - 3507
VL  - 5
UR  - conv_2190
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stanković, Dragica and Krstić, Borivoj and Orlović, Saša and Trivan, Goran and Poljak, Leopold Pajnik and Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Being the inhabitants of all parts of the environment (water, air, soil) plants can very precisely point to the ecological conditions of the environment. Vascular plants are often used for biomonitoring of heavy metals. The analyses are most often performed on plant leaves. The results of this research clearly indicate that pollution with lead on the locations of Avala (locations 1, 2 and 3), although being of an anthropogenic origin, do not result only from traffic, while on location 4 due to the frequency of traffic, the greatest agent of lead pollution is traffic. The accumulation of heavy metals in plants in higher concentrations indicates the relative increase and pollution spread all over the habitat.",
journal = "Journal of Medicinal Plants Research",
title = "Woody plants and herbs as bioindicators of the current condition of the natural environment in Serbia",
pages = "3512-3507",
number = "15",
volume = "5",
url = "conv_2190"
}

Stanković, D., Krstić, B., Orlović, S., Trivan, G., Poljak, L. P.,& Šijačić-Nikolić, M.. (2011). Woody plants and herbs as bioindicators of the current condition of the natural environment in Serbia. in Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(15), 3507-3512.
conv_2190

Stanković D, Krstić B, Orlović S, Trivan G, Poljak LP, Šijačić-Nikolić M. Woody plants and herbs as bioindicators of the current condition of the natural environment in Serbia. in Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2011;5(15):3507-3512.
conv_2190 .

Stanković, Dragica, Krstić, Borivoj, Orlović, Saša, Trivan, Goran, Poljak, Leopold Pajnik, Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana, "Woody plants and herbs as bioindicators of the current condition of the natural environment in Serbia" in Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5, no. 15 (2011):3507-3512,
conv_2190 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanković, Dragica
AU  - Krstić, Borivoj
AU  - Igić, Ruzica
AU  - Trivan, Goran
AU  - Petrović, Nenad
AU  - Jović, Đorđe
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/365
AB  - Fruska gora is a mountain situated in the northern part of the Republic of Serbia in the province of Vojvodina. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which soil and plants are burdened with certain heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, and others usually present in polluted atmosphere), then the accumulation of heavy metals in the National Park "Fruska gora" was detected and the interdependence of pollution among all three media of the environment determined. This paper analyzes the heavy metal contents within a 2-years period in air, soil and plants at the beginning of the vegetation period. The presence of Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn in the samples was analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Measurements of heavy metal contents were performed at 7 locations in soil and vegetative parts of 17 plant types (woody plants, herbs and lianas), and analysis of the air was performed at 2 locations (through placement of sedimentators) within a 3-months period during winter. One of the major findings is that the dominant emission of pollutants at the analyzed locations is anthropogenic and originates from traffic.
T2  - Fresenius Environmental Bulletin
T1  - Concentration of pollutants in the air, soil and plants in the area of the national park "Fruska Gora" - Serbia"
EP  - 50
IS  - 1
SP  - 44
VL  - 20
UR  - conv_2262
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stanković, Dragica and Krstić, Borivoj and Igić, Ruzica and Trivan, Goran and Petrović, Nenad and Jović, Đorđe",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Fruska gora is a mountain situated in the northern part of the Republic of Serbia in the province of Vojvodina. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which soil and plants are burdened with certain heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, and others usually present in polluted atmosphere), then the accumulation of heavy metals in the National Park "Fruska gora" was detected and the interdependence of pollution among all three media of the environment determined. This paper analyzes the heavy metal contents within a 2-years period in air, soil and plants at the beginning of the vegetation period. The presence of Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn in the samples was analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Measurements of heavy metal contents were performed at 7 locations in soil and vegetative parts of 17 plant types (woody plants, herbs and lianas), and analysis of the air was performed at 2 locations (through placement of sedimentators) within a 3-months period during winter. One of the major findings is that the dominant emission of pollutants at the analyzed locations is anthropogenic and originates from traffic.",
journal = "Fresenius Environmental Bulletin",
title = "Concentration of pollutants in the air, soil and plants in the area of the national park "Fruska Gora" - Serbia"",
pages = "50-44",
number = "1",
volume = "20",
url = "conv_2262"
}

Stanković, D., Krstić, B., Igić, R., Trivan, G., Petrović, N.,& Jović, Đ.. (2011). Concentration of pollutants in the air, soil and plants in the area of the national park "Fruska Gora" - Serbia". in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 20(1), 44-50.
conv_2262

Stanković D, Krstić B, Igić R, Trivan G, Petrović N, Jović Đ. Concentration of pollutants in the air, soil and plants in the area of the national park "Fruska Gora" - Serbia". in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 2011;20(1):44-50.
conv_2262 .

Stanković, Dragica, Krstić, Borivoj, Igić, Ruzica, Trivan, Goran, Petrović, Nenad, Jović, Đorđe, "Concentration of pollutants in the air, soil and plants in the area of the national park "Fruska Gora" - Serbia"" in Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 20, no. 1 (2011):44-50,
conv_2262 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knežević, Milan
AU  - Stanković, Dragica
AU  - Krstić, Borivoj
AU  - Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
AU  - Vilotić, Dragica
PY  - 2009
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/257
AB  - This paper sums up the results of the research on heavy metals contents (Pb, Ni, Fe, Zn and Mn) in soil and leaves of the plant species, Paulownia elongata S.Y. Hu and Paulownia fortunei Hemsl. at the plantation established on the eutric brown soil in Banat (Vojvodina). The plantation, which served as the control field is at the municipality of Bela Crkva, far away from the main traffic lines. Concentrations of analyzed heavy metals in the leaves of the tree species, Paulownia growing in urban and suburban conditions were compared with the concentration of polluters in the leaves of the tree species, P. elongata and P. fortunei in the experimental field in Bela Crkva.
T2  - African Journal of Biotechnology
T1  - Concentrations of heavy metals in soil and leaves of plant species Paulownia elongata SYHu and Paulownia fortunei Hemsl
EP  - 5429
IS  - 20
SP  - 5422
VL  - 8
UR  - conv_2094
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Knežević, Milan and Stanković, Dragica and Krstić, Borivoj and Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana and Vilotić, Dragica",
year = "2009",
abstract = "This paper sums up the results of the research on heavy metals contents (Pb, Ni, Fe, Zn and Mn) in soil and leaves of the plant species, Paulownia elongata S.Y. Hu and Paulownia fortunei Hemsl. at the plantation established on the eutric brown soil in Banat (Vojvodina). The plantation, which served as the control field is at the municipality of Bela Crkva, far away from the main traffic lines. Concentrations of analyzed heavy metals in the leaves of the tree species, Paulownia growing in urban and suburban conditions were compared with the concentration of polluters in the leaves of the tree species, P. elongata and P. fortunei in the experimental field in Bela Crkva.",
journal = "African Journal of Biotechnology",
title = "Concentrations of heavy metals in soil and leaves of plant species Paulownia elongata SYHu and Paulownia fortunei Hemsl",
pages = "5429-5422",
number = "20",
volume = "8",
url = "conv_2094"
}

Knežević, M., Stanković, D., Krstić, B., Šijačić-Nikolić, M.,& Vilotić, D.. (2009). Concentrations of heavy metals in soil and leaves of plant species Paulownia elongata SYHu and Paulownia fortunei Hemsl. in African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(20), 5422-5429.
conv_2094

Knežević M, Stanković D, Krstić B, Šijačić-Nikolić M, Vilotić D. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil and leaves of plant species Paulownia elongata SYHu and Paulownia fortunei Hemsl. in African Journal of Biotechnology. 2009;8(20):5422-5429.
conv_2094 .

Knežević, Milan, Stanković, Dragica, Krstić, Borivoj, Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana, Vilotić, Dragica, "Concentrations of heavy metals in soil and leaves of plant species Paulownia elongata SYHu and Paulownia fortunei Hemsl" in African Journal of Biotechnology, 8, no. 20 (2009):5422-5429,
conv_2094 .