TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karadžić, Dragan
AU  - Stanivuković, Zoran
AU  - Milanović, Slobodan
AU  - Sikora, Katarzyna
AU  - Radulović, Zlatan
AU  - Racko, Vladimir
AU  - Kardosova, Monika
AU  - Durković, Jaroslav
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1145
AB  - When monitoring the state of health of Fraxinus excelsior trees, unusual symptoms were discovered within a F. excelsior plantation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. These symptoms included the appearance of necrosis and cankers in the basal parts of the trees, followed by the formation of fruiting bodies, however, none of these symptoms were found in the crowns. After sampling and isolation of the necrotic parts from the stem base, pathogen Neonectria punicea was isolated and identified from the characteristics of pure cultures, morphology of the fruiting bodies, and from multilocus sequencing. In field conditions, juvenile F. excelsior trees were inoculated with two N. punicea isolates obtained from the necrotic tissues of both juvenile F. excelsior and mature Fagus sylvatica trees. In both isolates, 12 months post inoculation, the lengths and widths of the necroses were significantly larger compared to the control. Necroses of significantly larger lengths, widths and surfaces were found again in both tested isolates 24 months post inoculation. In the case of the F. excelsior isolate, the lengths of the necroses at both the stem base and at breast height increased by 1.6 times, whereas the F. sylvatica isolate increased in size by up to 1.7 and 1.8 times, respectively. Trees inoculated without a previous bark wound showed no symptoms, similar to the control trees. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography imaging revealed that N. punicea hyphae penetrated from the cankers to the woody outermost annual growth ring and that hyphae were present mostly in the large earlywood vessels and rarely in the axial parenchyma cells. Hyphae also spread radially through the pits in vessels. The infected trees responded with the formation of tyloses in the vessels to prevent a rapid fungal spread through the axial vascular transport pathway. The ability of N. punicea to cause necroses in juvenile ash trees was demonstrated for the first time during this study. It poses a serious threat to planted forests and natural regenerations of F. excelsior especially if F. sylvatica is considered as a possible inoculum reservoir for future infections. This pathogen should be integrated within future ash resistance or breeding programs.
T2  - Frontiers in Plant Science
T1  - Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees
VL  - 11
DO  - 10.3389/fpls.2020.592260
UR  - conv_1521
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Karadžić, Dragan and Stanivuković, Zoran and Milanović, Slobodan and Sikora, Katarzyna and Radulović, Zlatan and Racko, Vladimir and Kardosova, Monika and Durković, Jaroslav and Milenković, Ivan",
year = "2020",
abstract = "When monitoring the state of health of Fraxinus excelsior trees, unusual symptoms were discovered within a F. excelsior plantation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. These symptoms included the appearance of necrosis and cankers in the basal parts of the trees, followed by the formation of fruiting bodies, however, none of these symptoms were found in the crowns. After sampling and isolation of the necrotic parts from the stem base, pathogen Neonectria punicea was isolated and identified from the characteristics of pure cultures, morphology of the fruiting bodies, and from multilocus sequencing. In field conditions, juvenile F. excelsior trees were inoculated with two N. punicea isolates obtained from the necrotic tissues of both juvenile F. excelsior and mature Fagus sylvatica trees. In both isolates, 12 months post inoculation, the lengths and widths of the necroses were significantly larger compared to the control. Necroses of significantly larger lengths, widths and surfaces were found again in both tested isolates 24 months post inoculation. In the case of the F. excelsior isolate, the lengths of the necroses at both the stem base and at breast height increased by 1.6 times, whereas the F. sylvatica isolate increased in size by up to 1.7 and 1.8 times, respectively. Trees inoculated without a previous bark wound showed no symptoms, similar to the control trees. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography imaging revealed that N. punicea hyphae penetrated from the cankers to the woody outermost annual growth ring and that hyphae were present mostly in the large earlywood vessels and rarely in the axial parenchyma cells. Hyphae also spread radially through the pits in vessels. The infected trees responded with the formation of tyloses in the vessels to prevent a rapid fungal spread through the axial vascular transport pathway. The ability of N. punicea to cause necroses in juvenile ash trees was demonstrated for the first time during this study. It poses a serious threat to planted forests and natural regenerations of F. excelsior especially if F. sylvatica is considered as a possible inoculum reservoir for future infections. This pathogen should be integrated within future ash resistance or breeding programs.",
journal = "Frontiers in Plant Science",
title = "Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees",
volume = "11",
doi = "10.3389/fpls.2020.592260",
url = "conv_1521"
}

Karadžić, D., Stanivuković, Z., Milanović, S., Sikora, K., Radulović, Z., Racko, V., Kardosova, M., Durković, J.,& Milenković, I.. (2020). Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees. in Frontiers in Plant Science, 11.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.592260
conv_1521

Karadžić D, Stanivuković Z, Milanović S, Sikora K, Radulović Z, Racko V, Kardosova M, Durković J, Milenković I. Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees. in Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020;11.
doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.592260
conv_1521 .

Karadžić, Dragan, Stanivuković, Zoran, Milanović, Slobodan, Sikora, Katarzyna, Radulović, Zlatan, Racko, Vladimir, Kardosova, Monika, Durković, Jaroslav, Milenković, Ivan, "Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees" in Frontiers in Plant Science, 11 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.592260 .,
conv_1521 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tkaczyk, Milosz
AU  - Sikora, Katarzyna
AU  - Galko, Juraj
AU  - Kunca, Andrej
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1120
AB  - During the monitoring of oak decline phenomenon in Slovakia, symptoms indicative ofPhytophthoradiseases were observed in sessile oak stands in western Slovakia. The study aimed to test the presence and diversity ofPhytophthoraspecies associated with declining oak stands. From rhizosphere soil samples,Phytophthora plurivora,P. quercinaandPythium intermediumwere detected. Soil inoculation tests withP. plurivoraandP. quercinaon 1-year-old oak plants inflicted damage to the root system, and significant differences in measured root parameters between the inoculated and control treatments after 5 months. Although more wilting symptoms were observed inP. plurivora-infected seedlings (7 out of 12 inoculated seedlings),P. quercinacaused the highest amount of damage to root systems, and for example, fine root length was 1.6 times shorter compared to the control. To our knowledge, this is the first report ofP. plurivoraandP. quercinain sessile oak stands in Slovakia.
T2  - Forest Pathology
T1  - Isolation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from sessile oak ( Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) stands in Slovakia
IS  - 5
VL  - 50
DO  - 10.1111/efp.12632
UR  - conv_930
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Tkaczyk, Milosz and Sikora, Katarzyna and Galko, Juraj and Kunca, Andrej and Milenković, Ivan",
year = "2020",
abstract = "During the monitoring of oak decline phenomenon in Slovakia, symptoms indicative ofPhytophthoradiseases were observed in sessile oak stands in western Slovakia. The study aimed to test the presence and diversity ofPhytophthoraspecies associated with declining oak stands. From rhizosphere soil samples,Phytophthora plurivora,P. quercinaandPythium intermediumwere detected. Soil inoculation tests withP. plurivoraandP. quercinaon 1-year-old oak plants inflicted damage to the root system, and significant differences in measured root parameters between the inoculated and control treatments after 5 months. Although more wilting symptoms were observed inP. plurivora-infected seedlings (7 out of 12 inoculated seedlings),P. quercinacaused the highest amount of damage to root systems, and for example, fine root length was 1.6 times shorter compared to the control. To our knowledge, this is the first report ofP. plurivoraandP. quercinain sessile oak stands in Slovakia.",
journal = "Forest Pathology",
title = "Isolation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from sessile oak ( Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) stands in Slovakia",
number = "5",
volume = "50",
doi = "10.1111/efp.12632",
url = "conv_930"
}

Tkaczyk, M., Sikora, K., Galko, J., Kunca, A.,& Milenković, I.. (2020). Isolation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from sessile oak ( Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) stands in Slovakia. in Forest Pathology, 50(5).
https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12632
conv_930

Tkaczyk M, Sikora K, Galko J, Kunca A, Milenković I. Isolation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from sessile oak ( Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) stands in Slovakia. in Forest Pathology. 2020;50(5).
doi:10.1111/efp.12632
conv_930 .

Tkaczyk, Milosz, Sikora, Katarzyna, Galko, Juraj, Kunca, Andrej, Milenković, Ivan, "Isolation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from sessile oak ( Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) stands in Slovakia" in Forest Pathology, 50, no. 5 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12632 .,
conv_930 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karadžić, Dragan
AU  - Radulović, Zlatan
AU  - Sikora, Katarzyna
AU  - Stanivuković, Zoran
AU  - Golubović-Ćurguz, Vesna
AU  - Oszako, Tomasz
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1080
AB  - The presence of Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M.E. Barr was studied in six natural and planted stands of sweet chestnut in Serbia. The fungus was detected on the sweet chestnut in five localities and on the sessile oak in one locality. In total, 77 isolates from the sweet chestnut and five isolates from the sessile oak were obtained. Based on the culture morphology, all the obtained isolates were proven to be free from Cryphonectria (Saccardo) Saccardo & D. Saccardo hypovirus. The isolates of C. parasitica from the sweet chestnut were compatible with three different vegetative compatibility types, EU-12, EU-2, and EU-1, while the isolates from the sessile oak belonged to EU-12. After inoculation in laboratory conditions, the isolate from the sweet chestnut and sessile oak caused the decline in 88 and 76% of the sweet chestnut plants, respectively. In the case of the sessile oak, both isolates caused the decline in 52% of the plants. In field conditions, both isolates were aggressive to sessile oak trees after previous bark wounds and they were statistically significantly different compared to the control trees. The isolate from the sweet chestnut caused significantly larger cankers compared to both the isolate from the sessile oak and the control.
T2  - Plant Protection Science
T1  - Characterisation and pathogenicity of Cryphonectria parasitica on sweet chestnut and sessile oak trees in Serbia
EP  - 201
IS  - 3
SP  - 191
VL  - 55
DO  - 10.17221/38/2018-PPS
UR  - conv_1430
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Karadžić, Dragan and Radulović, Zlatan and Sikora, Katarzyna and Stanivuković, Zoran and Golubović-Ćurguz, Vesna and Oszako, Tomasz and Milenković, Ivan",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The presence of Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M.E. Barr was studied in six natural and planted stands of sweet chestnut in Serbia. The fungus was detected on the sweet chestnut in five localities and on the sessile oak in one locality. In total, 77 isolates from the sweet chestnut and five isolates from the sessile oak were obtained. Based on the culture morphology, all the obtained isolates were proven to be free from Cryphonectria (Saccardo) Saccardo & D. Saccardo hypovirus. The isolates of C. parasitica from the sweet chestnut were compatible with three different vegetative compatibility types, EU-12, EU-2, and EU-1, while the isolates from the sessile oak belonged to EU-12. After inoculation in laboratory conditions, the isolate from the sweet chestnut and sessile oak caused the decline in 88 and 76% of the sweet chestnut plants, respectively. In the case of the sessile oak, both isolates caused the decline in 52% of the plants. In field conditions, both isolates were aggressive to sessile oak trees after previous bark wounds and they were statistically significantly different compared to the control trees. The isolate from the sweet chestnut caused significantly larger cankers compared to both the isolate from the sessile oak and the control.",
journal = "Plant Protection Science",
title = "Characterisation and pathogenicity of Cryphonectria parasitica on sweet chestnut and sessile oak trees in Serbia",
pages = "201-191",
number = "3",
volume = "55",
doi = "10.17221/38/2018-PPS",
url = "conv_1430"
}

Karadžić, D., Radulović, Z., Sikora, K., Stanivuković, Z., Golubović-Ćurguz, V., Oszako, T.,& Milenković, I.. (2019). Characterisation and pathogenicity of Cryphonectria parasitica on sweet chestnut and sessile oak trees in Serbia. in Plant Protection Science, 55(3), 191-201.
https://doi.org/10.17221/38/2018-PPS
conv_1430

Karadžić D, Radulović Z, Sikora K, Stanivuković Z, Golubović-Ćurguz V, Oszako T, Milenković I. Characterisation and pathogenicity of Cryphonectria parasitica on sweet chestnut and sessile oak trees in Serbia. in Plant Protection Science. 2019;55(3):191-201.
doi:10.17221/38/2018-PPS
conv_1430 .

Karadžić, Dragan, Radulović, Zlatan, Sikora, Katarzyna, Stanivuković, Zoran, Golubović-Ćurguz, Vesna, Oszako, Tomasz, Milenković, Ivan, "Characterisation and pathogenicity of Cryphonectria parasitica on sweet chestnut and sessile oak trees in Serbia" in Plant Protection Science, 55, no. 3 (2019):191-201,
https://doi.org/10.17221/38/2018-PPS .,
conv_1430 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
AU  - Keča, Nenad
AU  - Karadžić, Dragan
AU  - Radulović, Zlatan
AU  - Nowakowska, Justyna A.
AU  - Oszako, Tomasz
AU  - Sikora, Katarzyna
AU  - Corcobado, Tamara
AU  - Jung, Thomas
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/916
AB  - During a survey in three declining and three healthy poplar plantations in Serbia, six different Phytophthora species were obtained. Phytophthora plurivora was the most common, followed by P. pini, P. polonica, P. lacustris, P. cactorum, and P. gonapodyides. Pathogenicity of all isolated species to four-month and one-year-old cuttings of Populus hybrid clones I-214 and Pannonia, respectively, was tested using both a soil infestation and stem inoculation test. Isolates of P. polonica, P. x cambivora, P. cryptogea, and P. x serendipita from other host plants were included as a comparison. In the soil infestation test, the most aggressive species to clone I-214 were P. plurivora, P. x serendipita, and P. pini. On clone Pannonia, P. gonapodyides and P. pini were the most aggressive, both causing 100% mortality, followed by P. cactorum, P. x cambivora, and P. polonica. In the underbark inoculation test, the susceptibility of both poplar clones to the different Phytophthora species was largely similar, as in the soil infestation test, with the exception of P. polonica, which proved to be only weakly pathogenic to poplar bark. The most aggressive species to clone I-214 was P. pini, while on clone Pannonia, the longest lesions and highest disease incidence were caused by P. gonapodyides. Phytophthora cactorum and P. plurivora were pathogenic to both clones, whereas P. x cambivora showed only weak pathogenicity. The implications of these findings and possible pathways of dispersion of the pathogens are discussed.
T2  - Forests
T1  - Isolation and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora Species from Poplar Plantations in Serbia
IS  - 6
VL  - 9
DO  - 10.3390/f9060330
UR  - conv_1351
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milenković, Ivan and Keča, Nenad and Karadžić, Dragan and Radulović, Zlatan and Nowakowska, Justyna A. and Oszako, Tomasz and Sikora, Katarzyna and Corcobado, Tamara and Jung, Thomas",
year = "2018",
abstract = "During a survey in three declining and three healthy poplar plantations in Serbia, six different Phytophthora species were obtained. Phytophthora plurivora was the most common, followed by P. pini, P. polonica, P. lacustris, P. cactorum, and P. gonapodyides. Pathogenicity of all isolated species to four-month and one-year-old cuttings of Populus hybrid clones I-214 and Pannonia, respectively, was tested using both a soil infestation and stem inoculation test. Isolates of P. polonica, P. x cambivora, P. cryptogea, and P. x serendipita from other host plants were included as a comparison. In the soil infestation test, the most aggressive species to clone I-214 were P. plurivora, P. x serendipita, and P. pini. On clone Pannonia, P. gonapodyides and P. pini were the most aggressive, both causing 100% mortality, followed by P. cactorum, P. x cambivora, and P. polonica. In the underbark inoculation test, the susceptibility of both poplar clones to the different Phytophthora species was largely similar, as in the soil infestation test, with the exception of P. polonica, which proved to be only weakly pathogenic to poplar bark. The most aggressive species to clone I-214 was P. pini, while on clone Pannonia, the longest lesions and highest disease incidence were caused by P. gonapodyides. Phytophthora cactorum and P. plurivora were pathogenic to both clones, whereas P. x cambivora showed only weak pathogenicity. The implications of these findings and possible pathways of dispersion of the pathogens are discussed.",
journal = "Forests",
title = "Isolation and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora Species from Poplar Plantations in Serbia",
number = "6",
volume = "9",
doi = "10.3390/f9060330",
url = "conv_1351"
}

Milenković, I., Keča, N., Karadžić, D., Radulović, Z., Nowakowska, J. A., Oszako, T., Sikora, K., Corcobado, T.,& Jung, T.. (2018). Isolation and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora Species from Poplar Plantations in Serbia. in Forests, 9(6).
https://doi.org/10.3390/f9060330
conv_1351

Milenković I, Keča N, Karadžić D, Radulović Z, Nowakowska JA, Oszako T, Sikora K, Corcobado T, Jung T. Isolation and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora Species from Poplar Plantations in Serbia. in Forests. 2018;9(6).
doi:10.3390/f9060330
conv_1351 .

Milenković, Ivan, Keča, Nenad, Karadžić, Dragan, Radulović, Zlatan, Nowakowska, Justyna A., Oszako, Tomasz, Sikora, Katarzyna, Corcobado, Tamara, Jung, Thomas, "Isolation and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora Species from Poplar Plantations in Serbia" in Forests, 9, no. 6 (2018),
https://doi.org/10.3390/f9060330 .,
conv_1351 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
AU  - Keča, Nenad
AU  - Karadžić, Dragan
AU  - Nowakowska, Justyna A.
AU  - Oszako, Tomasz
AU  - Sikora, Katarzyna
AU  - Tkaczyk, Milosz
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/911
AB  - Common pathogenicity tests on 16-month-old ash plants were performed using isolates of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and three different Phytophthora spp. isolated under declining ash trees in Wolica Nature reserve in Poland. There were no statistically significant differences among the different inoculation treatments and lesion lengths averaged 1.67 cm. After analyses of inoculated roots, five out of 10 root parameters showed statistically significant differences, and after a Dun can's Multiple Range test, significant differences were found with control plants while there were no differences among the treatments. The largest root loss was with the treatment inoculated with both H fraxineus and P. plurivora (HF + PP), and both fine and total root lengths were 2.30 and 2.27 times smaller, respectively, than the non-inoculated control. The earliest mortality of young ash plants was observed also with the I IF + PP treatment. Results showed high aggressiveness of IL fraxineus to young ash plants, with indications that root infections with Phytophthora spp. may contribute to greater damage, but more research is needed to clarify the interaction between H. fraxineus and Phytophthora spp. in ash dieback.
T2  - Forestry Chronicle
T1  - Interaction between Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Phytophthora species on young Fraxinus excelsior seedlings
EP  - 139
IS  - 2
SP  - 135
VL  - 94
DO  - 10.5558/tfc2018-020
UR  - conv_1338
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milenković, Ivan and Keča, Nenad and Karadžić, Dragan and Nowakowska, Justyna A. and Oszako, Tomasz and Sikora, Katarzyna and Tkaczyk, Milosz",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Common pathogenicity tests on 16-month-old ash plants were performed using isolates of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and three different Phytophthora spp. isolated under declining ash trees in Wolica Nature reserve in Poland. There were no statistically significant differences among the different inoculation treatments and lesion lengths averaged 1.67 cm. After analyses of inoculated roots, five out of 10 root parameters showed statistically significant differences, and after a Dun can's Multiple Range test, significant differences were found with control plants while there were no differences among the treatments. The largest root loss was with the treatment inoculated with both H fraxineus and P. plurivora (HF + PP), and both fine and total root lengths were 2.30 and 2.27 times smaller, respectively, than the non-inoculated control. The earliest mortality of young ash plants was observed also with the I IF + PP treatment. Results showed high aggressiveness of IL fraxineus to young ash plants, with indications that root infections with Phytophthora spp. may contribute to greater damage, but more research is needed to clarify the interaction between H. fraxineus and Phytophthora spp. in ash dieback.",
journal = "Forestry Chronicle",
title = "Interaction between Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Phytophthora species on young Fraxinus excelsior seedlings",
pages = "139-135",
number = "2",
volume = "94",
doi = "10.5558/tfc2018-020",
url = "conv_1338"
}

Milenković, I., Keča, N., Karadžić, D., Nowakowska, J. A., Oszako, T., Sikora, K.,& Tkaczyk, M.. (2018). Interaction between Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Phytophthora species on young Fraxinus excelsior seedlings. in Forestry Chronicle, 94(2), 135-139.
https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2018-020
conv_1338

Milenković I, Keča N, Karadžić D, Nowakowska JA, Oszako T, Sikora K, Tkaczyk M. Interaction between Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Phytophthora species on young Fraxinus excelsior seedlings. in Forestry Chronicle. 2018;94(2):135-139.
doi:10.5558/tfc2018-020
conv_1338 .

Milenković, Ivan, Keča, Nenad, Karadžić, Dragan, Nowakowska, Justyna A., Oszako, Tomasz, Sikora, Katarzyna, Tkaczyk, Milosz, "Interaction between Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Phytophthora species on young Fraxinus excelsior seedlings" in Forestry Chronicle, 94, no. 2 (2018):135-139,
https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2018-020 .,
conv_1338 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pacia, Artur
AU  - Nowakowska, Justyna A.
AU  - Tkaczyk, Milosz
AU  - Sikora, Katarzyna
AU  - Tereba, Anna
AU  - Borys, Malgorzata
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
AU  - Pszczolkowska, Agnieszka
AU  - Okorski, Adam
AU  - Oszako, Tomasz
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/833
AB  - The ash stand in Wolica reserve (Poland), affected with ash dieback, was studied. Isolations performed from collected ash tissues and rhizosphere soil samples revealed 28 isolates of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and 27 isolates of Phytophthora spp., respectively. The vitality and defoliation of 198 and 176 trees were studied, respectively in 2012 and 2013. In 2013 only one tree was completely vital, while 83 trees were within the degeneration phase. These results suggested that trees being classified in this class are the most vital and the natural genetic resistance should be sought among this vitality class in the future. In total, 112 trees were classified to the stage 2 of vitality, for which large deformation of shoots is typical. Further, monitoring of defoliation in 2013 revealed that the largest number of trees in the stand (126) were moderately damaged trees (defoliation 26-60%), while 47 trees had over 60% of defoliation. The synthetic damage index was 1.58 in 2012 and 1.66 in 2013 indicating that advanced disease processes are occurring in this stand. In addition, sampling, isolation, morphological and molecular identifications of Phytophthora species were performed. After the isolation tests, P. megasperma, P. sp. hungarica, and P. plurivora were obtained. These results were confirmed after the PCR and ITS sequencing. This is the first report of P. sp. hungarica and P. megasperma in the stands of common ash in Poland. The natural genetic variation of the Fraxinus excelsior genome was studied to improve understanding of its role in the adaptation and tolerance processes facing ash dieback phenomenon. Six nuclear microsatellite markers and four chloroplast microsatellite markers have been used in order to assess the genetic diversity of Fraxinus excelsior stand in Poland, categorized into three different Roloff' classes of vitality 0+1, 2 and 3. We demonstrated lack of correlation between three different vitality classes of ash trees and their nuclear or chloroplast genetic differentiation. Nevertheless, the observed heterozygosity (H-O) value was significantly different between vitality classes 2 and 3 assessed with nuclear SSR markers (p = 0.000183 in HSD Tukey test, p  lt  0.05). Also private (Ap) alleles distribution of chloroplast SSR markers significantly differ (p = 0.000 in HSD Tukey test, p  lt  0.05) between the vitality classes 0+1 and 3 of ash trees. Those data suggest that DNA differentiation of F. excelsior at local spatial scale may be driven by gene based tolerance.
PB  - Lietuvos Misku Institutas
T2  - Baltic Forestry
T1  - Common Ash Stand Affected by Ash Dieback in the Wolica Nature Reserve in Poland
EP  - 197
IS  - 1
SP  - 183
VL  - 23
UR  - conv_2043
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Pacia, Artur and Nowakowska, Justyna A. and Tkaczyk, Milosz and Sikora, Katarzyna and Tereba, Anna and Borys, Malgorzata and Milenković, Ivan and Pszczolkowska, Agnieszka and Okorski, Adam and Oszako, Tomasz",
year = "2017",
abstract = "The ash stand in Wolica reserve (Poland), affected with ash dieback, was studied. Isolations performed from collected ash tissues and rhizosphere soil samples revealed 28 isolates of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and 27 isolates of Phytophthora spp., respectively. The vitality and defoliation of 198 and 176 trees were studied, respectively in 2012 and 2013. In 2013 only one tree was completely vital, while 83 trees were within the degeneration phase. These results suggested that trees being classified in this class are the most vital and the natural genetic resistance should be sought among this vitality class in the future. In total, 112 trees were classified to the stage 2 of vitality, for which large deformation of shoots is typical. Further, monitoring of defoliation in 2013 revealed that the largest number of trees in the stand (126) were moderately damaged trees (defoliation 26-60%), while 47 trees had over 60% of defoliation. The synthetic damage index was 1.58 in 2012 and 1.66 in 2013 indicating that advanced disease processes are occurring in this stand. In addition, sampling, isolation, morphological and molecular identifications of Phytophthora species were performed. After the isolation tests, P. megasperma, P. sp. hungarica, and P. plurivora were obtained. These results were confirmed after the PCR and ITS sequencing. This is the first report of P. sp. hungarica and P. megasperma in the stands of common ash in Poland. The natural genetic variation of the Fraxinus excelsior genome was studied to improve understanding of its role in the adaptation and tolerance processes facing ash dieback phenomenon. Six nuclear microsatellite markers and four chloroplast microsatellite markers have been used in order to assess the genetic diversity of Fraxinus excelsior stand in Poland, categorized into three different Roloff' classes of vitality 0+1, 2 and 3. We demonstrated lack of correlation between three different vitality classes of ash trees and their nuclear or chloroplast genetic differentiation. Nevertheless, the observed heterozygosity (H-O) value was significantly different between vitality classes 2 and 3 assessed with nuclear SSR markers (p = 0.000183 in HSD Tukey test, p  lt  0.05). Also private (Ap) alleles distribution of chloroplast SSR markers significantly differ (p = 0.000 in HSD Tukey test, p  lt  0.05) between the vitality classes 0+1 and 3 of ash trees. Those data suggest that DNA differentiation of F. excelsior at local spatial scale may be driven by gene based tolerance.",
publisher = "Lietuvos Misku Institutas",
journal = "Baltic Forestry",
title = "Common Ash Stand Affected by Ash Dieback in the Wolica Nature Reserve in Poland",
pages = "197-183",
number = "1",
volume = "23",
url = "conv_2043"
}

Pacia, A., Nowakowska, J. A., Tkaczyk, M., Sikora, K., Tereba, A., Borys, M., Milenković, I., Pszczolkowska, A., Okorski, A.,& Oszako, T.. (2017). Common Ash Stand Affected by Ash Dieback in the Wolica Nature Reserve in Poland. in Baltic Forestry
Lietuvos Misku Institutas., 23(1), 183-197.
conv_2043

Pacia A, Nowakowska JA, Tkaczyk M, Sikora K, Tereba A, Borys M, Milenković I, Pszczolkowska A, Okorski A, Oszako T. Common Ash Stand Affected by Ash Dieback in the Wolica Nature Reserve in Poland. in Baltic Forestry. 2017;23(1):183-197.
conv_2043 .

Pacia, Artur, Nowakowska, Justyna A., Tkaczyk, Milosz, Sikora, Katarzyna, Tereba, Anna, Borys, Malgorzata, Milenković, Ivan, Pszczolkowska, Agnieszka, Okorski, Adam, Oszako, Tomasz, "Common Ash Stand Affected by Ash Dieback in the Wolica Nature Reserve in Poland" in Baltic Forestry, 23, no. 1 (2017):183-197,
conv_2043 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tkaczyk, Milosz
AU  - Sikora, Katarzyna
AU  - Nowakowska, Justyna A.
AU  - Aniśko, E.
AU  - Oszako, Tomasz
AU  - Belbahri, L.
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/785
AB  - To investigate susceptibility of young Scots pine seedlings to four Phytophthora species: Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora cambivora, Phytophthora plurivora and Phytophthora pini; seven-day-old seedlings of Scots pine (15 seedlings per experiment) were infected using agar plugs of the respective species. Control group also consisted of 15 seedlings and was inoculated with sterile agar plugs. Results unambiguously show that after 4.5 days, all seedlings show clear signs of infection and display severe symptoms of tissue damage and necrosis. Moreover, three and two seedlings in the P. cactorum and P. cambivora infected seedlings groups, respectively, collapsed. The length of largest necrosis measured 13.4±3.90 mm and was caused by P. cactorum. To rule out any putative contamination or infection by secondary pathogens, re-isolations of pathogens from infection sites were performed and were positive in 100% of plated pieces of infected seedlings. All re-isolations were, however, negative in the case of the control group. Detailed microscopic analyses of infected tissues of young seedlings confirmed the presence of numerous Phytophthora species inside and on the surface of infected seedlings. Therefore, our results suggest Phytophthora spp. and mainly P. cactorum and P. cambivora as aggressive pathogens of Scots pine seedlings and highlight a putative involvement of these species in the damping off of young Scots pine seedlings frequently observed in forest nurseries.
PB  - Forest Research Institute
T2  - Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A
T1  - Four different Phytophthora species that are able to infect Scots pine seedlings in laboratory conditions
EP  - 130
IS  - 3
SP  - 123
VL  - 58
DO  - 10.1515/ffp-2016-0014
UR  - conv_2129
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Tkaczyk, Milosz and Sikora, Katarzyna and Nowakowska, Justyna A. and Aniśko, E. and Oszako, Tomasz and Belbahri, L. and Milenković, Ivan",
year = "2016",
abstract = "To investigate susceptibility of young Scots pine seedlings to four Phytophthora species: Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora cambivora, Phytophthora plurivora and Phytophthora pini; seven-day-old seedlings of Scots pine (15 seedlings per experiment) were infected using agar plugs of the respective species. Control group also consisted of 15 seedlings and was inoculated with sterile agar plugs. Results unambiguously show that after 4.5 days, all seedlings show clear signs of infection and display severe symptoms of tissue damage and necrosis. Moreover, three and two seedlings in the P. cactorum and P. cambivora infected seedlings groups, respectively, collapsed. The length of largest necrosis measured 13.4±3.90 mm and was caused by P. cactorum. To rule out any putative contamination or infection by secondary pathogens, re-isolations of pathogens from infection sites were performed and were positive in 100% of plated pieces of infected seedlings. All re-isolations were, however, negative in the case of the control group. Detailed microscopic analyses of infected tissues of young seedlings confirmed the presence of numerous Phytophthora species inside and on the surface of infected seedlings. Therefore, our results suggest Phytophthora spp. and mainly P. cactorum and P. cambivora as aggressive pathogens of Scots pine seedlings and highlight a putative involvement of these species in the damping off of young Scots pine seedlings frequently observed in forest nurseries.",
publisher = "Forest Research Institute",
journal = "Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A",
title = "Four different Phytophthora species that are able to infect Scots pine seedlings in laboratory conditions",
pages = "130-123",
number = "3",
volume = "58",
doi = "10.1515/ffp-2016-0014",
url = "conv_2129"
}

Tkaczyk, M., Sikora, K., Nowakowska, J. A., Aniśko, E., Oszako, T., Belbahri, L.,& Milenković, I.. (2016). Four different Phytophthora species that are able to infect Scots pine seedlings in laboratory conditions. in Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A
Forest Research Institute., 58(3), 123-130.
https://doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2016-0014
conv_2129

Tkaczyk M, Sikora K, Nowakowska JA, Aniśko E, Oszako T, Belbahri L, Milenković I. Four different Phytophthora species that are able to infect Scots pine seedlings in laboratory conditions. in Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A. 2016;58(3):123-130.
doi:10.1515/ffp-2016-0014
conv_2129 .

Tkaczyk, Milosz, Sikora, Katarzyna, Nowakowska, Justyna A., Aniśko, E., Oszako, Tomasz, Belbahri, L., Milenković, Ivan, "Four different Phytophthora species that are able to infect Scots pine seedlings in laboratory conditions" in Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A, 58, no. 3 (2016):123-130,
https://doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2016-0014 .,
conv_2129 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
AU  - Keča, Nenad
AU  - Karadžić, Dragan
AU  - Nowakowska, Justyna A.
AU  - Borys, M.
AU  - Sikora, Katarzyna
AU  - Oszako, Tomasz
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/429
AB  - According to many surveys of pathogenic organisms in forest soils, the presence of the Phytophthora genus is very common in both dominant and mixed stands of European beech. In Serbia, Phytophthora species were isolated from rhizosphere soil in declining, as well as apparently healthy stands. After detailed morphological and molecular identification, several Phytophthora species were confirmed. The most common pathogen of fine roots in Serbian European beech stands was Phytophthora plurivora Jung and Burgess. This species was characterized as homothallic, semipapillate, produces sporangia of various shapes, and has an optimum temperature for growth at around 25°C.P. plurivora occurred on 58% of positive samples, followed by P. cambivora (Petri) Buisman at 17%, P. gonapodyides (Petersen) Buisman at 8%, with other unidentified species accounting for the remaining 17%. A pathogenicity test performed with P. plurivora and young beech germinants from ten Polish beech provenances demonstrated the ability of this pathogen to colonize and cause deterioration of plant tissue.
T2  - Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A
T1  - Incidence of Phytophthora species in beech stands in Serbia
EP  - 232
IS  - 4
SP  - 223
VL  - 54
UR  - conv_2220
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milenković, Ivan and Keča, Nenad and Karadžić, Dragan and Nowakowska, Justyna A. and Borys, M. and Sikora, Katarzyna and Oszako, Tomasz",
year = "2012",
abstract = "According to many surveys of pathogenic organisms in forest soils, the presence of the Phytophthora genus is very common in both dominant and mixed stands of European beech. In Serbia, Phytophthora species were isolated from rhizosphere soil in declining, as well as apparently healthy stands. After detailed morphological and molecular identification, several Phytophthora species were confirmed. The most common pathogen of fine roots in Serbian European beech stands was Phytophthora plurivora Jung and Burgess. This species was characterized as homothallic, semipapillate, produces sporangia of various shapes, and has an optimum temperature for growth at around 25°C.P. plurivora occurred on 58% of positive samples, followed by P. cambivora (Petri) Buisman at 17%, P. gonapodyides (Petersen) Buisman at 8%, with other unidentified species accounting for the remaining 17%. A pathogenicity test performed with P. plurivora and young beech germinants from ten Polish beech provenances demonstrated the ability of this pathogen to colonize and cause deterioration of plant tissue.",
journal = "Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A",
title = "Incidence of Phytophthora species in beech stands in Serbia",
pages = "232-223",
number = "4",
volume = "54",
url = "conv_2220"
}

Milenković, I., Keča, N., Karadžić, D., Nowakowska, J. A., Borys, M., Sikora, K.,& Oszako, T.. (2012). Incidence of Phytophthora species in beech stands in Serbia. in Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A, 54(4), 223-232.
conv_2220

Milenković I, Keča N, Karadžić D, Nowakowska JA, Borys M, Sikora K, Oszako T. Incidence of Phytophthora species in beech stands in Serbia. in Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A. 2012;54(4):223-232.
conv_2220 .

Milenković, Ivan, Keča, Nenad, Karadžić, Dragan, Nowakowska, Justyna A., Borys, M., Sikora, Katarzyna, Oszako, Tomasz, "Incidence of Phytophthora species in beech stands in Serbia" in Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A, 54, no. 4 (2012):223-232,
conv_2220 .