TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rančić, Milica
AU  - Popović, Mlađan
AU  - Milić, Goran
AU  - Todorović, Nebojša
AU  - Veizović, Marko
AU  - Gavrilović-Grmuša, Ivana
PY  - 2024
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1494
AB  - This study explores the potential of using condensate generated during beech wood steaming (BSC) as an eco-friendly additive in urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives for wood-based panel (WBP) production. The research aimed to assess the hardening behavior of pure commercial UF resin and UF with added condensate (UF-BSC), investigating the potential catalytic effect of BSC on the hardening characteristics of UF adhesives. Changes in chemical structure after the curing process were observed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The curing kinetics was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under a dynamic scanning regime with heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 degrees C/min. Obtained data were analyzed using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Friedman (FR) kinetic iso-conversional methods to estimate the activation energy (Ea) of the curing reaction in the investigated UF adhesive systems. The results of DSC analysis imply that BSC lowers the temperature of the curing reaction of UF adhesive along with the prolongation of the curing reaction. The obtained kinetic data supported by FTIR and chemical analysis suggest that phenolic compounds present in BSC interfere with the main curing reactions leading to lower peak temperatures but higher activation energy. & Tcy;his suggests that BSC increased the number of active sites involved in the reaction and, consequently, the number of collisions. BSC, as wastewater of the wood processing industry, can be efficiently utilized as an environmentally friendly, inexpensive substitute for deionized water in UF adhesive formulations for WBP manufacturing.
T2  - European Journal of Wood and Wood Products
T1  - The effect of the beech wood steaming condensate on curing behaviour of urea-formaldehyde adhesive
DO  - 10.1007/s00107-024-02151-6
UR  - conv_1827
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rančić, Milica and Popović, Mlađan and Milić, Goran and Todorović, Nebojša and Veizović, Marko and Gavrilović-Grmuša, Ivana",
year = "2024",
abstract = "This study explores the potential of using condensate generated during beech wood steaming (BSC) as an eco-friendly additive in urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives for wood-based panel (WBP) production. The research aimed to assess the hardening behavior of pure commercial UF resin and UF with added condensate (UF-BSC), investigating the potential catalytic effect of BSC on the hardening characteristics of UF adhesives. Changes in chemical structure after the curing process were observed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The curing kinetics was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under a dynamic scanning regime with heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 degrees C/min. Obtained data were analyzed using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Friedman (FR) kinetic iso-conversional methods to estimate the activation energy (Ea) of the curing reaction in the investigated UF adhesive systems. The results of DSC analysis imply that BSC lowers the temperature of the curing reaction of UF adhesive along with the prolongation of the curing reaction. The obtained kinetic data supported by FTIR and chemical analysis suggest that phenolic compounds present in BSC interfere with the main curing reactions leading to lower peak temperatures but higher activation energy. & Tcy;his suggests that BSC increased the number of active sites involved in the reaction and, consequently, the number of collisions. BSC, as wastewater of the wood processing industry, can be efficiently utilized as an environmentally friendly, inexpensive substitute for deionized water in UF adhesive formulations for WBP manufacturing.",
journal = "European Journal of Wood and Wood Products",
title = "The effect of the beech wood steaming condensate on curing behaviour of urea-formaldehyde adhesive",
doi = "10.1007/s00107-024-02151-6",
url = "conv_1827"
}

Rančić, M., Popović, M., Milić, G., Todorović, N., Veizović, M.,& Gavrilović-Grmuša, I.. (2024). The effect of the beech wood steaming condensate on curing behaviour of urea-formaldehyde adhesive. in European Journal of Wood and Wood Products.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-024-02151-6
conv_1827

Rančić M, Popović M, Milić G, Todorović N, Veizović M, Gavrilović-Grmuša I. The effect of the beech wood steaming condensate on curing behaviour of urea-formaldehyde adhesive. in European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 2024;.
doi:10.1007/s00107-024-02151-6
conv_1827 .

Rančić, Milica, Popović, Mlađan, Milić, Goran, Todorović, Nebojša, Veizović, Marko, Gavrilović-Grmuša, Ivana, "The effect of the beech wood steaming condensate on curing behaviour of urea-formaldehyde adhesive" in European Journal of Wood and Wood Products (2024),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-024-02151-6 .,
conv_1827 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milić, Goran
AU  - Todorović, Nebojša
AU  - Veizović, Marko
AU  - Popadić, Ranko
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1436
AB  - This study aimed to compare two thermal modification (TM) schedules-with short and long heating phases-and their influence on the properties of maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) wood. Two TM runs were conducted in industrial conditions (open system, steam atmosphere; substantially longer method compared to the processes usually described in the literature), with the same peak phase (200 degrees C, 3 h), but with different heating rates-slow (1.1 degrees C/h) and fast (2.5 degrees C/h). The results revealed that both TMs significantly reduced hygroscopicity and swelling of wood, but the influence of slow heating rate-through prolonged exposure of wood to relatively high temperatures-on dimensional stability was more pronounced. The modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and Brinell hardness remained mostly unchanged after TM (except for fast-modified maple), while the modulus of rupture was strongly reduced by TM in both species. It is assumed-at least in the case of maple wood-that a combination of initial moisture content above 8% and fast heating rate during TM can cause more intensive degradation of wood polymers. Relatively small differences in colour between slow- and fast-modified wood were found. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the heating phase is an important part of the TM schedule, and it can directly affect (together with peak temperature and time) certain wood properties.
T2  - Forests
T1  - Heating Rate during Thermal Modification in Steam Atmosphere: Influence on the Properties of Maple and Ash Wood
IS  - 2
VL  - 14
DO  - 10.3390/f14020189
UR  - conv_1687
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milić, Goran and Todorović, Nebojša and Veizović, Marko and Popadić, Ranko",
year = "2023",
abstract = "This study aimed to compare two thermal modification (TM) schedules-with short and long heating phases-and their influence on the properties of maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) wood. Two TM runs were conducted in industrial conditions (open system, steam atmosphere; substantially longer method compared to the processes usually described in the literature), with the same peak phase (200 degrees C, 3 h), but with different heating rates-slow (1.1 degrees C/h) and fast (2.5 degrees C/h). The results revealed that both TMs significantly reduced hygroscopicity and swelling of wood, but the influence of slow heating rate-through prolonged exposure of wood to relatively high temperatures-on dimensional stability was more pronounced. The modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and Brinell hardness remained mostly unchanged after TM (except for fast-modified maple), while the modulus of rupture was strongly reduced by TM in both species. It is assumed-at least in the case of maple wood-that a combination of initial moisture content above 8% and fast heating rate during TM can cause more intensive degradation of wood polymers. Relatively small differences in colour between slow- and fast-modified wood were found. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the heating phase is an important part of the TM schedule, and it can directly affect (together with peak temperature and time) certain wood properties.",
journal = "Forests",
title = "Heating Rate during Thermal Modification in Steam Atmosphere: Influence on the Properties of Maple and Ash Wood",
number = "2",
volume = "14",
doi = "10.3390/f14020189",
url = "conv_1687"
}

Milić, G., Todorović, N., Veizović, M.,& Popadić, R.. (2023). Heating Rate during Thermal Modification in Steam Atmosphere: Influence on the Properties of Maple and Ash Wood. in Forests, 14(2).
https://doi.org/10.3390/f14020189
conv_1687

Milić G, Todorović N, Veizović M, Popadić R. Heating Rate during Thermal Modification in Steam Atmosphere: Influence on the Properties of Maple and Ash Wood. in Forests. 2023;14(2).
doi:10.3390/f14020189
conv_1687 .

Milić, Goran, Todorović, Nebojša, Veizović, Marko, Popadić, Ranko, "Heating Rate during Thermal Modification in Steam Atmosphere: Influence on the Properties of Maple and Ash Wood" in Forests, 14, no. 2 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.3390/f14020189 .,
conv_1687 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Josifovski, Andrej
AU  - Todorović, Nebojša
AU  - Milošević, Jelena
AU  - Veizović, Marko
AU  - Pantelić, Filip
AU  - Askrabić, Marina
AU  - Vasov, Miomir
AU  - Rajcić, Aleksandar
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1418
AB  - This paper addresses the challenges in evaluating the structural performance of built structures using non-destructive methods and in situ tests. Such an examination of structural properties, without their sampling, is a diagnostic improvement, especially for historical heritage buildings, where it is not allowed to violate their physical integrity. Therefore, the research proposes a non-destructive testing method based on the equalization of the mechanically and non-destructively determined parameters of the strength of built-in timber. The research included three phases: (1) a preliminary examination; (2) a calibration procedure of the non-destructive method, and (3) in situ application of the established non-destructive method. The preliminary examination involved testing specimens using X-rays and ultrasonic waves by directing them, analogous to mechanical testing, in the fibers' longitudinal, radial, and tangential directions. In the second phase, it was shown that equalizing the parameters of mechanical and non-destructive testing using ultrasound and X-rays of timber was feasible. Furthermore, mechanical calibration was conducted to establish an applicable non-destructive in situ method. Finally, in the third phase, an in situ assessment of timber architectural elements confirms the effectiveness of the suggested non-destructive approach in diagnosing architectural structures.
T2  - Buildings
T1  - An Approach to In Situ Evaluation of Timber Structures Based on Equalization of Non-Destructive and Mechanical Test Parameters
IS  - 6
VL  - 13
DO  - 10.3390/buildings13061405
UR  - conv_932
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Josifovski, Andrej and Todorović, Nebojša and Milošević, Jelena and Veizović, Marko and Pantelić, Filip and Askrabić, Marina and Vasov, Miomir and Rajcić, Aleksandar",
year = "2023",
abstract = "This paper addresses the challenges in evaluating the structural performance of built structures using non-destructive methods and in situ tests. Such an examination of structural properties, without their sampling, is a diagnostic improvement, especially for historical heritage buildings, where it is not allowed to violate their physical integrity. Therefore, the research proposes a non-destructive testing method based on the equalization of the mechanically and non-destructively determined parameters of the strength of built-in timber. The research included three phases: (1) a preliminary examination; (2) a calibration procedure of the non-destructive method, and (3) in situ application of the established non-destructive method. The preliminary examination involved testing specimens using X-rays and ultrasonic waves by directing them, analogous to mechanical testing, in the fibers' longitudinal, radial, and tangential directions. In the second phase, it was shown that equalizing the parameters of mechanical and non-destructive testing using ultrasound and X-rays of timber was feasible. Furthermore, mechanical calibration was conducted to establish an applicable non-destructive in situ method. Finally, in the third phase, an in situ assessment of timber architectural elements confirms the effectiveness of the suggested non-destructive approach in diagnosing architectural structures.",
journal = "Buildings",
title = "An Approach to In Situ Evaluation of Timber Structures Based on Equalization of Non-Destructive and Mechanical Test Parameters",
number = "6",
volume = "13",
doi = "10.3390/buildings13061405",
url = "conv_932"
}

Josifovski, A., Todorović, N., Milošević, J., Veizović, M., Pantelić, F., Askrabić, M., Vasov, M.,& Rajcić, A.. (2023). An Approach to In Situ Evaluation of Timber Structures Based on Equalization of Non-Destructive and Mechanical Test Parameters. in Buildings, 13(6).
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061405
conv_932

Josifovski A, Todorović N, Milošević J, Veizović M, Pantelić F, Askrabić M, Vasov M, Rajcić A. An Approach to In Situ Evaluation of Timber Structures Based on Equalization of Non-Destructive and Mechanical Test Parameters. in Buildings. 2023;13(6).
doi:10.3390/buildings13061405
conv_932 .

Josifovski, Andrej, Todorović, Nebojša, Milošević, Jelena, Veizović, Marko, Pantelić, Filip, Askrabić, Marina, Vasov, Miomir, Rajcić, Aleksandar, "An Approach to In Situ Evaluation of Timber Structures Based on Equalization of Non-Destructive and Mechanical Test Parameters" in Buildings, 13, no. 6 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061405 .,
conv_932 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Todorović, Nebojša
AU  - Popović, Zdravko
AU  - Milić, Goran
AU  - Veizović, Marko
AU  - Popadić, Ranko
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1355
AB  - The prediction of physical (wood density, mass loss) and mechanical (bending properties, compressive strength parallel to grain, and Brinell hardness) properties of heat-treated sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) by FT-NIR spectroscopy, colour change, and partial least squares regression (PLS) was studied. Samples of oak sapwood and heartwood were treated for 4 h at temperatures at 170, 190, and 210 degrees C. FT-NIR spectra (100 scans and 4 cm(-1)) and colour parameters (CIE L*a*b* system) were collected on the radial surface before and after heat treatment. The applied heat treatment changed wood properties, darkened the colour and reduced the colour difference between heartwood and sapwood. According to the residual prediction deviation (RPD), most models obtained could be used for preliminary wood quality screening (1.5  lt  RPD  lt  2.0) and the properties of heartwood were better predicted than those of sapwood. Mass loss prediction by colour change can be used for quality control while for the other properties FT-NIR provided a more clear picture of the heat-treated oak wood and can serve as a quality indicator.
T2  - Wood Material Science & Engineering
T1  - Quality evaluation of heat-treated sessile oak ( Quercus petraea L.) wood by colour and FT-NIR spectroscopy
EP  - 209
IS  - 3
SP  - 202
VL  - 17
DO  - 10.1080/17480272.2020.1847188
UR  - conv_1510
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Todorović, Nebojša and Popović, Zdravko and Milić, Goran and Veizović, Marko and Popadić, Ranko",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The prediction of physical (wood density, mass loss) and mechanical (bending properties, compressive strength parallel to grain, and Brinell hardness) properties of heat-treated sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) by FT-NIR spectroscopy, colour change, and partial least squares regression (PLS) was studied. Samples of oak sapwood and heartwood were treated for 4 h at temperatures at 170, 190, and 210 degrees C. FT-NIR spectra (100 scans and 4 cm(-1)) and colour parameters (CIE L*a*b* system) were collected on the radial surface before and after heat treatment. The applied heat treatment changed wood properties, darkened the colour and reduced the colour difference between heartwood and sapwood. According to the residual prediction deviation (RPD), most models obtained could be used for preliminary wood quality screening (1.5  lt  RPD  lt  2.0) and the properties of heartwood were better predicted than those of sapwood. Mass loss prediction by colour change can be used for quality control while for the other properties FT-NIR provided a more clear picture of the heat-treated oak wood and can serve as a quality indicator.",
journal = "Wood Material Science & Engineering",
title = "Quality evaluation of heat-treated sessile oak ( Quercus petraea L.) wood by colour and FT-NIR spectroscopy",
pages = "209-202",
number = "3",
volume = "17",
doi = "10.1080/17480272.2020.1847188",
url = "conv_1510"
}

Todorović, N., Popović, Z., Milić, G., Veizović, M.,& Popadić, R.. (2022). Quality evaluation of heat-treated sessile oak ( Quercus petraea L.) wood by colour and FT-NIR spectroscopy. in Wood Material Science & Engineering, 17(3), 202-209.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2020.1847188
conv_1510

Todorović N, Popović Z, Milić G, Veizović M, Popadić R. Quality evaluation of heat-treated sessile oak ( Quercus petraea L.) wood by colour and FT-NIR spectroscopy. in Wood Material Science & Engineering. 2022;17(3):202-209.
doi:10.1080/17480272.2020.1847188
conv_1510 .

Todorović, Nebojša, Popović, Zdravko, Milić, Goran, Veizović, Marko, Popadić, Ranko, "Quality evaluation of heat-treated sessile oak ( Quercus petraea L.) wood by colour and FT-NIR spectroscopy" in Wood Material Science & Engineering, 17, no. 3 (2022):202-209,
https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2020.1847188 .,
conv_1510 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milić, Goran
AU  - Todorović, Nebojša
AU  - Veizović, Marko
AU  - Popadić, Ranko
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1256
AB  - U radu je analizirana mogućnost sušenja hrastovih lamela - tankog sloja masivnog drveta u višeslojnom podu. Fokus prvog dela rada je na kondenzacionim sušarama koje su za sušenje hrastovih lamela alternativa konvencionalnim sušarama. Praćena su dva ciklusa sušenja u industrijskoj sušari i parametri sušenja poređeni sa arhivom ciklusa sušenja lamela u konvencionalnoj sušari. Istovremeno, sušenje lamela je sprovedeno u klima komori gde je primenjena viša početna temperatura. Pokazano je da se hrastove lamele debljine 5mm mogu uspešno sušiti u kondenzacionim sušarama, uz relativno kratko vreme sušenja i visok kvalitet. Sa primenjenim režimom (početna temperatura 36°C, konačna 46°C) očekivano je da ciklus sušenja traje od 2 do 5 dana, u zavisnosti od količine lamela i početne vlažnosti. Zbog velike brzine isparavanja vode i nemogućnosti sušare da je odstrane dovoljno brzo, sušenje lamela se i u kondenzacionim i u konvencionalnim sušarama odvija pri ravnotežnoj vlažnosti koja je viša od zadatih vrednosti.
AB  - The subject of this paper is to analyse the drying process of oak lamellas, which are the solid wood top layer of engineered wood flooring. The focus of the first part of the paper is on dehumidification kilns. Drying in a dehumidification kiln is an interesting alternative to conventional drying of thin solid oak wood with the aim of reaching high drying quality in a reasonable time. Drying tests were done in an industrial dehumidification kiln, and drying parameters were compared with the drying in the conventional kiln. Simultaneously, a drying test at a higher temperature was done in the programmable climate chamber. It was demonstrated that thin oak lamellas (approx. 5 mm thick) could be successfully dried in a dehumidification kiln in a relatively short time and with high drying quality. With the applied drying schedule (initial temperature of 36 °C, final temperature of 46 °C), the drying cycle will last 2 to 5 days, depending on the amount of wood and the initial MC. Due to the high rate of water evaporation and the inability of the kilns to remove it fast enough, the drying of lamellas in both dehumidification and conventional kilns takes place at a higher equilibrium moisture content than the set values.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Šumarski fakultet, Beograd
T2  - Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta
T1  - Sušenje hrastovih lamela - deo 1. analiza procesa u kondenzacionoj sušari
T1  - Drying of oak wood lamellas: Part 1. Analysis of the process in a dehumidification kiln
EP  - 58
IS  - 124
SP  - 45
DO  - 10.2298/GSF2124045M
UR  - conv_520
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milić, Goran and Todorović, Nebojša and Veizović, Marko and Popadić, Ranko",
year = "2021",
abstract = "U radu je analizirana mogućnost sušenja hrastovih lamela - tankog sloja masivnog drveta u višeslojnom podu. Fokus prvog dela rada je na kondenzacionim sušarama koje su za sušenje hrastovih lamela alternativa konvencionalnim sušarama. Praćena su dva ciklusa sušenja u industrijskoj sušari i parametri sušenja poređeni sa arhivom ciklusa sušenja lamela u konvencionalnoj sušari. Istovremeno, sušenje lamela je sprovedeno u klima komori gde je primenjena viša početna temperatura. Pokazano je da se hrastove lamele debljine 5mm mogu uspešno sušiti u kondenzacionim sušarama, uz relativno kratko vreme sušenja i visok kvalitet. Sa primenjenim režimom (početna temperatura 36°C, konačna 46°C) očekivano je da ciklus sušenja traje od 2 do 5 dana, u zavisnosti od količine lamela i početne vlažnosti. Zbog velike brzine isparavanja vode i nemogućnosti sušare da je odstrane dovoljno brzo, sušenje lamela se i u kondenzacionim i u konvencionalnim sušarama odvija pri ravnotežnoj vlažnosti koja je viša od zadatih vrednosti., The subject of this paper is to analyse the drying process of oak lamellas, which are the solid wood top layer of engineered wood flooring. The focus of the first part of the paper is on dehumidification kilns. Drying in a dehumidification kiln is an interesting alternative to conventional drying of thin solid oak wood with the aim of reaching high drying quality in a reasonable time. Drying tests were done in an industrial dehumidification kiln, and drying parameters were compared with the drying in the conventional kiln. Simultaneously, a drying test at a higher temperature was done in the programmable climate chamber. It was demonstrated that thin oak lamellas (approx. 5 mm thick) could be successfully dried in a dehumidification kiln in a relatively short time and with high drying quality. With the applied drying schedule (initial temperature of 36 °C, final temperature of 46 °C), the drying cycle will last 2 to 5 days, depending on the amount of wood and the initial MC. Due to the high rate of water evaporation and the inability of the kilns to remove it fast enough, the drying of lamellas in both dehumidification and conventional kilns takes place at a higher equilibrium moisture content than the set values.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Šumarski fakultet, Beograd",
journal = "Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta",
title = "Sušenje hrastovih lamela - deo 1. analiza procesa u kondenzacionoj sušari, Drying of oak wood lamellas: Part 1. Analysis of the process in a dehumidification kiln",
pages = "58-45",
number = "124",
doi = "10.2298/GSF2124045M",
url = "conv_520"
}

Milić, G., Todorović, N., Veizović, M.,& Popadić, R.. (2021). Sušenje hrastovih lamela - deo 1. analiza procesa u kondenzacionoj sušari. in Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Šumarski fakultet, Beograd.(124), 45-58.
https://doi.org/10.2298/GSF2124045M
conv_520

Milić G, Todorović N, Veizović M, Popadić R. Sušenje hrastovih lamela - deo 1. analiza procesa u kondenzacionoj sušari. in Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta. 2021;(124):45-58.
doi:10.2298/GSF2124045M
conv_520 .

Milić, Goran, Todorović, Nebojša, Veizović, Marko, Popadić, Ranko, "Sušenje hrastovih lamela - deo 1. analiza procesa u kondenzacionoj sušari" in Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta, no. 124 (2021):45-58,
https://doi.org/10.2298/GSF2124045M .,
conv_520 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milić, Goran
AU  - Veizović, Marko
AU  - Todorović, Nebojša
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1112
AB  - Predmet ovog rada je analiza mogućnosti sušenja rezanih elemenata hrasta i jasena sa prisutnom korom drveta na jednoj strani elementa. Osušena je jedna šarža hrastovih i jedna jasenovih elemenata pri čemu je proces vođen daljinskim elektrovlagomerima u sušari, ali je vlažnost određivana i gravimetrijskim metodom. Analizirane su i greške sušenja i njihovi uzroci. Rezultati su pokazali da se konvencionalno sušenje može koristiti za ovu namenu - trajanje je relativno kratko (do 7 dana), a varijacija konačne vlažnosti relativno mala. Osnovni problem je relativno veliki broj zakrivljenih elemenata na kraju sušenja, isključivo onih gde je učešće drveta u odnosu na koru malo. Vrlo visoki koeficijenti aksijalnog utezanja kore (4,5 puta veći od drveta) su uzrok ovih deformacija.
AB  - The subject of this paper is the analysis of the possibility of drying oak and ash elements with the presence of tree bark on one side of the element (bark edge). One batch was dried per species, and the process was controlled by moisture content (MC) probes in the kiln, but also determined by the oven-dry method. Drying defects and their causes were also analyzed. The results showed that conventional drying can be used for this purpose - the duration is relatively short (up to 7 days), and the variation of the final MC is relatively small. The main problem is a relatively large number of crooked elements at the end of drying, particularly those where the share of wood in relation to the bark was small. Very high axial shrinkage coefficients of the bark (4.5 times higher than wood) are the cause of these deformations.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Šumarski fakultet, Beograd
T2  - Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta
T1  - Mogućnost sušenja elemenata hrasta i jasena sa korom
T1  - Possibility of drying oak and ash elements with bark
EP  - 107
IS  - 121
SP  - 97
DO  - 10.2298/GSF2021097M
UR  - conv_500
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milić, Goran and Veizović, Marko and Todorović, Nebojša",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Predmet ovog rada je analiza mogućnosti sušenja rezanih elemenata hrasta i jasena sa prisutnom korom drveta na jednoj strani elementa. Osušena je jedna šarža hrastovih i jedna jasenovih elemenata pri čemu je proces vođen daljinskim elektrovlagomerima u sušari, ali je vlažnost određivana i gravimetrijskim metodom. Analizirane su i greške sušenja i njihovi uzroci. Rezultati su pokazali da se konvencionalno sušenje može koristiti za ovu namenu - trajanje je relativno kratko (do 7 dana), a varijacija konačne vlažnosti relativno mala. Osnovni problem je relativno veliki broj zakrivljenih elemenata na kraju sušenja, isključivo onih gde je učešće drveta u odnosu na koru malo. Vrlo visoki koeficijenti aksijalnog utezanja kore (4,5 puta veći od drveta) su uzrok ovih deformacija., The subject of this paper is the analysis of the possibility of drying oak and ash elements with the presence of tree bark on one side of the element (bark edge). One batch was dried per species, and the process was controlled by moisture content (MC) probes in the kiln, but also determined by the oven-dry method. Drying defects and their causes were also analyzed. The results showed that conventional drying can be used for this purpose - the duration is relatively short (up to 7 days), and the variation of the final MC is relatively small. The main problem is a relatively large number of crooked elements at the end of drying, particularly those where the share of wood in relation to the bark was small. Very high axial shrinkage coefficients of the bark (4.5 times higher than wood) are the cause of these deformations.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Šumarski fakultet, Beograd",
journal = "Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta",
title = "Mogućnost sušenja elemenata hrasta i jasena sa korom, Possibility of drying oak and ash elements with bark",
pages = "107-97",
number = "121",
doi = "10.2298/GSF2021097M",
url = "conv_500"
}

Milić, G., Veizović, M.,& Todorović, N.. (2020). Mogućnost sušenja elemenata hrasta i jasena sa korom. in Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Šumarski fakultet, Beograd.(121), 97-107.
https://doi.org/10.2298/GSF2021097M
conv_500

Milić G, Veizović M, Todorović N. Mogućnost sušenja elemenata hrasta i jasena sa korom. in Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta. 2020;(121):97-107.
doi:10.2298/GSF2021097M
conv_500 .

Milić, Goran, Veizović, Marko, Todorović, Nebojša, "Mogućnost sušenja elemenata hrasta i jasena sa korom" in Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta, no. 121 (2020):97-107,
https://doi.org/10.2298/GSF2021097M .,
conv_500 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Milić, Goran
AU  - Veizović, Marko
AU  - Todorović, Nebojša
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1119
AB  - This study aimed to determine the influence of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) oscillations on MC profiles of beech timber (38 x 120 x 500 mm) during drying in the climatic chamber. Two test runs with EMC oscillations (along with constant temperature) were followed by the equivalent test runs in constant climate: altogether, 4 drying runs were carried out. The amplitudes of EMC oscillations were ca. +/- 1.5% (absolute value) compared to the value in constant climate test, while the temperature in all cases was 35 degrees C. Among others, MC profile across thickness was periodically determined by slicing five lamellae and using the oven-dry method to determine their MC. Drying curves produced during constant and oscillation climate drying were similar and no statistical difference was found between average MC determined on the same day during constant and oscillation drying. In all cases it was found that MC difference between core and surface is lower (or at least not higher) in oscillating compared to constant climate conditions. This indicates that, if the positive influence of additional mechanosorptive creep (caused by EMC oscillations) on stresses in wood is taken into account, lower stresses in surface layers can be expected during oscillation drying. Further tests will be done to reveal the exact MC changes within surface layers of the boards. It is demonstrated that the climatic chamber is very stable in reaching and maintenance of air parameters during oscillation drying; it has practically no uncontrolled oscillations and will be used in further testing, along with the tests in semi-industrial and industrial kilns.
C3  - 9th Hardwood Proceedings, Vol 9 - Pt I: An Underutilized Resource: Hardwood Oriented Research
T1  - Influence of climate oscillations on moisture content profiles of beech timber during initial stages of drying
EP  - 199
SP  - 194
UR  - conv_1655
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milić, Goran and Veizović, Marko and Todorović, Nebojša",
year = "2020",
abstract = "This study aimed to determine the influence of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) oscillations on MC profiles of beech timber (38 x 120 x 500 mm) during drying in the climatic chamber. Two test runs with EMC oscillations (along with constant temperature) were followed by the equivalent test runs in constant climate: altogether, 4 drying runs were carried out. The amplitudes of EMC oscillations were ca. +/- 1.5% (absolute value) compared to the value in constant climate test, while the temperature in all cases was 35 degrees C. Among others, MC profile across thickness was periodically determined by slicing five lamellae and using the oven-dry method to determine their MC. Drying curves produced during constant and oscillation climate drying were similar and no statistical difference was found between average MC determined on the same day during constant and oscillation drying. In all cases it was found that MC difference between core and surface is lower (or at least not higher) in oscillating compared to constant climate conditions. This indicates that, if the positive influence of additional mechanosorptive creep (caused by EMC oscillations) on stresses in wood is taken into account, lower stresses in surface layers can be expected during oscillation drying. Further tests will be done to reveal the exact MC changes within surface layers of the boards. It is demonstrated that the climatic chamber is very stable in reaching and maintenance of air parameters during oscillation drying; it has practically no uncontrolled oscillations and will be used in further testing, along with the tests in semi-industrial and industrial kilns.",
journal = "9th Hardwood Proceedings, Vol 9 - Pt I: An Underutilized Resource: Hardwood Oriented Research",
title = "Influence of climate oscillations on moisture content profiles of beech timber during initial stages of drying",
pages = "199-194",
url = "conv_1655"
}

Milić, G., Veizović, M.,& Todorović, N.. (2020). Influence of climate oscillations on moisture content profiles of beech timber during initial stages of drying. in 9th Hardwood Proceedings, Vol 9 - Pt I: An Underutilized Resource: Hardwood Oriented Research, 194-199.
conv_1655

Milić G, Veizović M, Todorović N. Influence of climate oscillations on moisture content profiles of beech timber during initial stages of drying. in 9th Hardwood Proceedings, Vol 9 - Pt I: An Underutilized Resource: Hardwood Oriented Research. 2020;:194-199.
conv_1655 .

Milić, Goran, Veizović, Marko, Todorović, Nebojša, "Influence of climate oscillations on moisture content profiles of beech timber during initial stages of drying" in 9th Hardwood Proceedings, Vol 9 - Pt I: An Underutilized Resource: Hardwood Oriented Research (2020):194-199,
conv_1655 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Veizović, Marko
AU  - Popović, Zdravko
AU  - Todorović, Nebojša
AU  - Milić, Goran
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/935
AB  - The subject of this paper is the analysis of the quality of natural and
   conventional drying of subfossil oak wood. In addition to the drying
   quality, the colour of this material, as well as the effect of the drying
   process on colour change have been tested. The subfossil oak logs that were
   used in this experiment originate from the Morava River in Central Serbia.
   After sawing, timber was air-dried to about 20% moisture content (MC)
   followed by kiln-drying to 9.5% MC. By examining the quality of air-drying
   of the subfossil oak wood, a high presence of cracks was found, as well as
   the inaccuracy of humidity measurement using electric moisture meters. The
   stack for kiln-drying consisted of 24 boards, of which 4 were used for the
   monitoring of MC and MC distribution across the thickness of plank during
   drying. Drying quality was evaluated after the kiln-drying process. Although
   mild drying conditions during kiln-drying were applied, the gap as a measure
   of case-hardening had a value greater than usual for oak of same thickness.
   It was found that the drying process has no significant effect on the change
   in the colour of subfossil wood. The colour of the subfossil oak wood was
   significantly darker than the usual oak wood, and the colour difference
   between the central and the outer parts of the trunk of the subfossil oak
   was determined.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Šumarski fakultet, Beograd
T2  - Glasnik Šumarskog Fakulteta: Univerzitet u Beogradu
T1  - Drying quality and colour of subfossil oak from central Serbia
EP  - 172
IS  - 117
SP  - 157
VL  - 2018
DO  - 10.2298/GSF1817157V
UR  - conv_2370
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Veizović, Marko and Popović, Zdravko and Todorović, Nebojša and Milić, Goran",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The subject of this paper is the analysis of the quality of natural and
   conventional drying of subfossil oak wood. In addition to the drying
   quality, the colour of this material, as well as the effect of the drying
   process on colour change have been tested. The subfossil oak logs that were
   used in this experiment originate from the Morava River in Central Serbia.
   After sawing, timber was air-dried to about 20% moisture content (MC)
   followed by kiln-drying to 9.5% MC. By examining the quality of air-drying
   of the subfossil oak wood, a high presence of cracks was found, as well as
   the inaccuracy of humidity measurement using electric moisture meters. The
   stack for kiln-drying consisted of 24 boards, of which 4 were used for the
   monitoring of MC and MC distribution across the thickness of plank during
   drying. Drying quality was evaluated after the kiln-drying process. Although
   mild drying conditions during kiln-drying were applied, the gap as a measure
   of case-hardening had a value greater than usual for oak of same thickness.
   It was found that the drying process has no significant effect on the change
   in the colour of subfossil wood. The colour of the subfossil oak wood was
   significantly darker than the usual oak wood, and the colour difference
   between the central and the outer parts of the trunk of the subfossil oak
   was determined.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Šumarski fakultet, Beograd",
journal = "Glasnik Šumarskog Fakulteta: Univerzitet u Beogradu",
title = "Drying quality and colour of subfossil oak from central Serbia",
pages = "172-157",
number = "117",
volume = "2018",
doi = "10.2298/GSF1817157V",
url = "conv_2370"
}

Veizović, M., Popović, Z., Todorović, N.,& Milić, G.. (2018). Drying quality and colour of subfossil oak from central Serbia. in Glasnik Šumarskog Fakulteta: Univerzitet u Beogradu
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Šumarski fakultet, Beograd., 2018(117), 157-172.
https://doi.org/10.2298/GSF1817157V
conv_2370

Veizović M, Popović Z, Todorović N, Milić G. Drying quality and colour of subfossil oak from central Serbia. in Glasnik Šumarskog Fakulteta: Univerzitet u Beogradu. 2018;2018(117):157-172.
doi:10.2298/GSF1817157V
conv_2370 .

Veizović, Marko, Popović, Zdravko, Todorović, Nebojša, Milić, Goran, "Drying quality and colour of subfossil oak from central Serbia" in Glasnik Šumarskog Fakulteta: Univerzitet u Beogradu, 2018, no. 117 (2018):157-172,
https://doi.org/10.2298/GSF1817157V .,
conv_2370 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Todorović, Nebojša
AU  - Popović, Zdravko
AU  - Milić, Goran
AU  - Veizović, Marko
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/957
C3  - 8th Hardwood Conference With Special Focus on New Aspects on Hardwood Utilization - From Science To Technology
T1  - Properties of less valuable parts of beech and sessile oak wood after thermal modification
EP  - 122
SP  - 121
UR  - conv_1439
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Todorović, Nebojša and Popović, Zdravko and Milić, Goran and Veizović, Marko",
year = "2018",
journal = "8th Hardwood Conference With Special Focus on New Aspects on Hardwood Utilization - From Science To Technology",
title = "Properties of less valuable parts of beech and sessile oak wood after thermal modification",
pages = "122-121",
url = "conv_1439"
}

Todorović, N., Popović, Z., Milić, G.,& Veizović, M.. (2018). Properties of less valuable parts of beech and sessile oak wood after thermal modification. in 8th Hardwood Conference With Special Focus on New Aspects on Hardwood Utilization - From Science To Technology, 121-122.
conv_1439

Todorović N, Popović Z, Milić G, Veizović M. Properties of less valuable parts of beech and sessile oak wood after thermal modification. in 8th Hardwood Conference With Special Focus on New Aspects on Hardwood Utilization - From Science To Technology. 2018;:121-122.
conv_1439 .

Todorović, Nebojša, Popović, Zdravko, Milić, Goran, Veizović, Marko, "Properties of less valuable parts of beech and sessile oak wood after thermal modification" in 8th Hardwood Conference With Special Focus on New Aspects on Hardwood Utilization - From Science To Technology (2018):121-122,
conv_1439 .