TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pretzsch, Hans
AU  - Hilmers, Torben
AU  - Uhl, Enno
AU  - Bielak, Kamil
AU  - Bosela, Michal
AU  - del Rio, Miren
AU  - Dobor, Laura
AU  - Forrester, David I.
AU  - Nagel, Thomas A.
AU  - Pach, Maciej
AU  - Avdagić, Admir
AU  - Bellan, Michal
AU  - Binder, Franz
AU  - Boncina, Andrej
AU  - Bravo, Felipe
AU  - de-Dios-Garcia, Javier
AU  - Dinca, Lucian
AU  - Drozdowski, Stanislaw
AU  - Giammarchi, Francesco
AU  - Hoehn, Maria
AU  - Ibrahimspahić, Aida
AU  - Jaworski, Andrzej
AU  - Klopcić, Matija
AU  - Kurylyak, Viktor
AU  - Levesque, Mathieu
AU  - Lombardi, Fabio
AU  - Matović, Bratislav
AU  - Ordonez, Cristobal
AU  - Petras, Rudolf
AU  - Rubio-Cuadrado, Alvaro
AU  - Stojanović, Dejan
AU  - Skrzyszewski, Jerzy
AU  - Stajić, Branko
AU  - Svoboda, Miroslav
AU  - Versace, Soraya
AU  - Zlatanov, Tzvetan
AU  - Tognetti, Roberto
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1170
AB  - Recent studies show that several tree species are spreading to higher latitudes and elevations due to climate change. European beech, presently dominating from the colline to the subalpine vegetation belt, is already present in upper montane subalpine forests and has a high potential to further advance to higher elevations in European mountain forests, where the temperature is predicted to further increase in the near future. Although essential for adaptive silviculture, it remains unknown whether the upward shift of beech could be assisted when it is mixed with Norway spruce or silver fir compared with mono-specific stands, as the species interactions under such conditions are hardly known. In this study, we posed the general hypotheses that the growth depending on age of European beech in mountain forests was similar in mono-specific and mixed-species stands and remained stable over time and space in the last two centuries. The scrutiny of these hypotheses was based on increment coring of 1240 dominant beech trees in 45 plots in mono-specific stands of beech and in 46 mixed mountain forests. We found that (i) on average, mean tree diameter increased linearly with age. The age trend was linear in both forest types, but the slope of the age-growth relationship was higher in mono-specific than in mixed mountain forests. (ii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was stronger reduced with increasing elevation than that in mixed-species stands. (iii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was on average higher than beech growth in mixed stands. However, at elevations  gt  1200 m, growth of beech in mixed stands was higher than that in mono-specific stands. Differences in the growth patterns among elevation zones are less pronounced now than in the past, in both mono-specific and mixed stands. As the higher and longer persisting growth rates extend the flexibility of suitable ages or size for tree harvest and removal, the longer-lasting growth may be of special relevance for multi-aged silviculture concepts. On top of their function for structure and habitat improvement, the remaining old trees may grow more in mass and value than assumed so far.
T2  - European Journal of Forest Research
T1  - European beech stem diameter grows better in mixed than in mono-specific stands at the edge of its distribution in mountain forests
EP  - 145
IS  - 1
SP  - 127
VL  - 140
DO  - 10.1007/s10342-020-01319-y
UR  - conv_929
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Pretzsch, Hans and Hilmers, Torben and Uhl, Enno and Bielak, Kamil and Bosela, Michal and del Rio, Miren and Dobor, Laura and Forrester, David I. and Nagel, Thomas A. and Pach, Maciej and Avdagić, Admir and Bellan, Michal and Binder, Franz and Boncina, Andrej and Bravo, Felipe and de-Dios-Garcia, Javier and Dinca, Lucian and Drozdowski, Stanislaw and Giammarchi, Francesco and Hoehn, Maria and Ibrahimspahić, Aida and Jaworski, Andrzej and Klopcić, Matija and Kurylyak, Viktor and Levesque, Mathieu and Lombardi, Fabio and Matović, Bratislav and Ordonez, Cristobal and Petras, Rudolf and Rubio-Cuadrado, Alvaro and Stojanović, Dejan and Skrzyszewski, Jerzy and Stajić, Branko and Svoboda, Miroslav and Versace, Soraya and Zlatanov, Tzvetan and Tognetti, Roberto",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Recent studies show that several tree species are spreading to higher latitudes and elevations due to climate change. European beech, presently dominating from the colline to the subalpine vegetation belt, is already present in upper montane subalpine forests and has a high potential to further advance to higher elevations in European mountain forests, where the temperature is predicted to further increase in the near future. Although essential for adaptive silviculture, it remains unknown whether the upward shift of beech could be assisted when it is mixed with Norway spruce or silver fir compared with mono-specific stands, as the species interactions under such conditions are hardly known. In this study, we posed the general hypotheses that the growth depending on age of European beech in mountain forests was similar in mono-specific and mixed-species stands and remained stable over time and space in the last two centuries. The scrutiny of these hypotheses was based on increment coring of 1240 dominant beech trees in 45 plots in mono-specific stands of beech and in 46 mixed mountain forests. We found that (i) on average, mean tree diameter increased linearly with age. The age trend was linear in both forest types, but the slope of the age-growth relationship was higher in mono-specific than in mixed mountain forests. (ii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was stronger reduced with increasing elevation than that in mixed-species stands. (iii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was on average higher than beech growth in mixed stands. However, at elevations  gt  1200 m, growth of beech in mixed stands was higher than that in mono-specific stands. Differences in the growth patterns among elevation zones are less pronounced now than in the past, in both mono-specific and mixed stands. As the higher and longer persisting growth rates extend the flexibility of suitable ages or size for tree harvest and removal, the longer-lasting growth may be of special relevance for multi-aged silviculture concepts. On top of their function for structure and habitat improvement, the remaining old trees may grow more in mass and value than assumed so far.",
journal = "European Journal of Forest Research",
title = "European beech stem diameter grows better in mixed than in mono-specific stands at the edge of its distribution in mountain forests",
pages = "145-127",
number = "1",
volume = "140",
doi = "10.1007/s10342-020-01319-y",
url = "conv_929"
}

Pretzsch, H., Hilmers, T., Uhl, E., Bielak, K., Bosela, M., del Rio, M., Dobor, L., Forrester, D. I., Nagel, T. A., Pach, M., Avdagić, A., Bellan, M., Binder, F., Boncina, A., Bravo, F., de-Dios-Garcia, J., Dinca, L., Drozdowski, S., Giammarchi, F., Hoehn, M., Ibrahimspahić, A., Jaworski, A., Klopcić, M., Kurylyak, V., Levesque, M., Lombardi, F., Matović, B., Ordonez, C., Petras, R., Rubio-Cuadrado, A., Stojanović, D., Skrzyszewski, J., Stajić, B., Svoboda, M., Versace, S., Zlatanov, T.,& Tognetti, R.. (2021). European beech stem diameter grows better in mixed than in mono-specific stands at the edge of its distribution in mountain forests. in European Journal of Forest Research, 140(1), 127-145.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-020-01319-y
conv_929

Pretzsch H, Hilmers T, Uhl E, Bielak K, Bosela M, del Rio M, Dobor L, Forrester DI, Nagel TA, Pach M, Avdagić A, Bellan M, Binder F, Boncina A, Bravo F, de-Dios-Garcia J, Dinca L, Drozdowski S, Giammarchi F, Hoehn M, Ibrahimspahić A, Jaworski A, Klopcić M, Kurylyak V, Levesque M, Lombardi F, Matović B, Ordonez C, Petras R, Rubio-Cuadrado A, Stojanović D, Skrzyszewski J, Stajić B, Svoboda M, Versace S, Zlatanov T, Tognetti R. European beech stem diameter grows better in mixed than in mono-specific stands at the edge of its distribution in mountain forests. in European Journal of Forest Research. 2021;140(1):127-145.
doi:10.1007/s10342-020-01319-y
conv_929 .

Pretzsch, Hans, Hilmers, Torben, Uhl, Enno, Bielak, Kamil, Bosela, Michal, del Rio, Miren, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Nagel, Thomas A., Pach, Maciej, Avdagić, Admir, Bellan, Michal, Binder, Franz, Boncina, Andrej, Bravo, Felipe, de-Dios-Garcia, Javier, Dinca, Lucian, Drozdowski, Stanislaw, Giammarchi, Francesco, Hoehn, Maria, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Jaworski, Andrzej, Klopcić, Matija, Kurylyak, Viktor, Levesque, Mathieu, Lombardi, Fabio, Matović, Bratislav, Ordonez, Cristobal, Petras, Rudolf, Rubio-Cuadrado, Alvaro, Stojanović, Dejan, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Stajić, Branko, Svoboda, Miroslav, Versace, Soraya, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, "European beech stem diameter grows better in mixed than in mono-specific stands at the edge of its distribution in mountain forests" in European Journal of Forest Research, 140, no. 1 (2021):127-145,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-020-01319-y .,
conv_929 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pretzsch, Hans
AU  - Hilmers, Torben
AU  - Biber, Peter
AU  - Avdagić, Admir
AU  - Binder, Franz
AU  - Boncina, Andrej
AU  - Bosela, Michal
AU  - Dobor, Laura
AU  - Forrester, David I.
AU  - Levesque, Mathieu
AU  - Ibrahimspahić, Aida
AU  - Nagel, Thomas A.
AU  - del Rio, Miren
AU  - Sitkov, Zuzana
AU  - Schuetze, Gerhard
AU  - Stajić, Branko
AU  - Stojanovi, Dejan B.
AU  - Uhl, Enno
AU  - Zlatanov, Tzvetan
AU  - Tognetti, Roberto
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1129
AB  - In Europe, mixed mountain forests, primarily comprised of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), cover about 10 x 106 ha at elevations between similar to 600 and 1600 m a.s.l. These forests provide invaluable ecosystem services. However, the growth of these forests and the competition among their main species are expected to be strongly affected by climate warming. In this study, we analyzed the growth development of spruce, fir, and beech in moist mixed mountain forests in Europe over the last 300 years. Based on tree-ring analyses on long-term observational plots, we found for all three species (i) a nondecelerating, linear diameter growth trend spanning more than 300 years; (ii) increased growth levels and trends, the latter being particularly pronounced for fir and beech; and (iii) an elevation-dependent change of fir and beech growth. Whereas in the past, the growth was highest at lower elevations, today's growth is superior at higher elevations. This spatiotemporal pattern indicates significant changes in the growth and interspecific competition at the expense of spruce in mixed mountain forests. We discuss possible causes, consequences, and silvicultural implications of these distinct growth changes in mixed mountain forests.
T2  - Canadian Journal of Forest Research
T1  - Evidence of elevation-specific growth changes of spruce, fir, and beech in European mixed mountain forests during the last three centuries
EP  - 703
IS  - 7
SP  - 689
VL  - 50
DO  - 10.1139/cjfr-2019-0368
UR  - conv_1496
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Pretzsch, Hans and Hilmers, Torben and Biber, Peter and Avdagić, Admir and Binder, Franz and Boncina, Andrej and Bosela, Michal and Dobor, Laura and Forrester, David I. and Levesque, Mathieu and Ibrahimspahić, Aida and Nagel, Thomas A. and del Rio, Miren and Sitkov, Zuzana and Schuetze, Gerhard and Stajić, Branko and Stojanovi, Dejan B. and Uhl, Enno and Zlatanov, Tzvetan and Tognetti, Roberto",
year = "2020",
abstract = "In Europe, mixed mountain forests, primarily comprised of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), cover about 10 x 106 ha at elevations between similar to 600 and 1600 m a.s.l. These forests provide invaluable ecosystem services. However, the growth of these forests and the competition among their main species are expected to be strongly affected by climate warming. In this study, we analyzed the growth development of spruce, fir, and beech in moist mixed mountain forests in Europe over the last 300 years. Based on tree-ring analyses on long-term observational plots, we found for all three species (i) a nondecelerating, linear diameter growth trend spanning more than 300 years; (ii) increased growth levels and trends, the latter being particularly pronounced for fir and beech; and (iii) an elevation-dependent change of fir and beech growth. Whereas in the past, the growth was highest at lower elevations, today's growth is superior at higher elevations. This spatiotemporal pattern indicates significant changes in the growth and interspecific competition at the expense of spruce in mixed mountain forests. We discuss possible causes, consequences, and silvicultural implications of these distinct growth changes in mixed mountain forests.",
journal = "Canadian Journal of Forest Research",
title = "Evidence of elevation-specific growth changes of spruce, fir, and beech in European mixed mountain forests during the last three centuries",
pages = "703-689",
number = "7",
volume = "50",
doi = "10.1139/cjfr-2019-0368",
url = "conv_1496"
}

Pretzsch, H., Hilmers, T., Biber, P., Avdagić, A., Binder, F., Boncina, A., Bosela, M., Dobor, L., Forrester, D. I., Levesque, M., Ibrahimspahić, A., Nagel, T. A., del Rio, M., Sitkov, Z., Schuetze, G., Stajić, B., Stojanovi, D. B., Uhl, E., Zlatanov, T.,& Tognetti, R.. (2020). Evidence of elevation-specific growth changes of spruce, fir, and beech in European mixed mountain forests during the last three centuries. in Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 50(7), 689-703.
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0368
conv_1496

Pretzsch H, Hilmers T, Biber P, Avdagić A, Binder F, Boncina A, Bosela M, Dobor L, Forrester DI, Levesque M, Ibrahimspahić A, Nagel TA, del Rio M, Sitkov Z, Schuetze G, Stajić B, Stojanovi DB, Uhl E, Zlatanov T, Tognetti R. Evidence of elevation-specific growth changes of spruce, fir, and beech in European mixed mountain forests during the last three centuries. in Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 2020;50(7):689-703.
doi:10.1139/cjfr-2019-0368
conv_1496 .

Pretzsch, Hans, Hilmers, Torben, Biber, Peter, Avdagić, Admir, Binder, Franz, Boncina, Andrej, Bosela, Michal, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Levesque, Mathieu, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Nagel, Thomas A., del Rio, Miren, Sitkov, Zuzana, Schuetze, Gerhard, Stajić, Branko, Stojanovi, Dejan B., Uhl, Enno, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, "Evidence of elevation-specific growth changes of spruce, fir, and beech in European mixed mountain forests during the last three centuries" in Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 50, no. 7 (2020):689-703,
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0368 .,
conv_1496 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hilmers, Torben
AU  - Avdagić, Admir
AU  - Bartkowicz, Leszek
AU  - Bielak, Kamil
AU  - Binder, Franz
AU  - Boncina, Andrej
AU  - Dobor, Laura
AU  - Forrester, David I.
AU  - Hobi, Martina L.
AU  - Ibrahimspahić, Aida
AU  - Jaworski, Andrzej
AU  - Klopcić, Matija
AU  - Matović, Bratislav
AU  - Nagel, Thomas A.
AU  - Petras, Rudolf
AU  - del Rio, Miren
AU  - Stajić, Branko
AU  - Uhl, Enno
AU  - Zlatanov, Tzvetan
AU  - Tognetti, Roberto
AU  - Pretzsch, Hans
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1006
AB  - Mixed mountain forests of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst), and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) cover a total area of more than 10 million hectares in Europe. Due to altitudinal zoning, these forests are particularly vulnerable to climate change. However, as little is known about the long-term development of the productivity and the adaptation and mitigation potential of these forest systems in Europe, reliable information on productivity is required for sustainable forest management. Using generalized additive mixed models this study investigated 60 long-term experimental plots and provides information about the productivity of mixed mountain forests across a variety of European mountain areas in a standardized way for the first time. The average periodic annual volume increment (PAI) of these forests amounts to 9.3 m(3)ha(-1)y(-1). Despite a significant increase in annual mean temperature the PAI has not changed significantly over the last 30 years. However, at the species level, we found significant changes in the growth dynamics. While beech had a PAI of 8.2 m(3)ha(-1)y(-1) over the entire period (1980-2010), the PAI of spruce dropped significantly from 14.2 to 10.8 m(3)ha(-1)y(-1), and the PAI of fir rose significantly from 7.2 to 11.3 m(3)ha(-1)y(-1). Consequently, we observed stable stand volume increments in relation to climate change.
T2  - Forestry
T1  - The productivity of mixed mountain forests comprised of Fagus sylvatica , Picea abies , and Abies alba across Europe
EP  - 522
IS  - 5
SP  - 512
VL  - 92
DO  - 10.1093/forestry/cpz035
UR  - conv_1477
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Hilmers, Torben and Avdagić, Admir and Bartkowicz, Leszek and Bielak, Kamil and Binder, Franz and Boncina, Andrej and Dobor, Laura and Forrester, David I. and Hobi, Martina L. and Ibrahimspahić, Aida and Jaworski, Andrzej and Klopcić, Matija and Matović, Bratislav and Nagel, Thomas A. and Petras, Rudolf and del Rio, Miren and Stajić, Branko and Uhl, Enno and Zlatanov, Tzvetan and Tognetti, Roberto and Pretzsch, Hans",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Mixed mountain forests of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst), and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) cover a total area of more than 10 million hectares in Europe. Due to altitudinal zoning, these forests are particularly vulnerable to climate change. However, as little is known about the long-term development of the productivity and the adaptation and mitigation potential of these forest systems in Europe, reliable information on productivity is required for sustainable forest management. Using generalized additive mixed models this study investigated 60 long-term experimental plots and provides information about the productivity of mixed mountain forests across a variety of European mountain areas in a standardized way for the first time. The average periodic annual volume increment (PAI) of these forests amounts to 9.3 m(3)ha(-1)y(-1). Despite a significant increase in annual mean temperature the PAI has not changed significantly over the last 30 years. However, at the species level, we found significant changes in the growth dynamics. While beech had a PAI of 8.2 m(3)ha(-1)y(-1) over the entire period (1980-2010), the PAI of spruce dropped significantly from 14.2 to 10.8 m(3)ha(-1)y(-1), and the PAI of fir rose significantly from 7.2 to 11.3 m(3)ha(-1)y(-1). Consequently, we observed stable stand volume increments in relation to climate change.",
journal = "Forestry",
title = "The productivity of mixed mountain forests comprised of Fagus sylvatica , Picea abies , and Abies alba across Europe",
pages = "522-512",
number = "5",
volume = "92",
doi = "10.1093/forestry/cpz035",
url = "conv_1477"
}

Hilmers, T., Avdagić, A., Bartkowicz, L., Bielak, K., Binder, F., Boncina, A., Dobor, L., Forrester, D. I., Hobi, M. L., Ibrahimspahić, A., Jaworski, A., Klopcić, M., Matović, B., Nagel, T. A., Petras, R., del Rio, M., Stajić, B., Uhl, E., Zlatanov, T., Tognetti, R.,& Pretzsch, H.. (2019). The productivity of mixed mountain forests comprised of Fagus sylvatica , Picea abies , and Abies alba across Europe. in Forestry, 92(5), 512-522.
https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz035
conv_1477

Hilmers T, Avdagić A, Bartkowicz L, Bielak K, Binder F, Boncina A, Dobor L, Forrester DI, Hobi ML, Ibrahimspahić A, Jaworski A, Klopcić M, Matović B, Nagel TA, Petras R, del Rio M, Stajić B, Uhl E, Zlatanov T, Tognetti R, Pretzsch H. The productivity of mixed mountain forests comprised of Fagus sylvatica , Picea abies , and Abies alba across Europe. in Forestry. 2019;92(5):512-522.
doi:10.1093/forestry/cpz035
conv_1477 .

Hilmers, Torben, Avdagić, Admir, Bartkowicz, Leszek, Bielak, Kamil, Binder, Franz, Boncina, Andrej, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Hobi, Martina L., Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Jaworski, Andrzej, Klopcić, Matija, Matović, Bratislav, Nagel, Thomas A., Petras, Rudolf, del Rio, Miren, Stajić, Branko, Uhl, Enno, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, Pretzsch, Hans, "The productivity of mixed mountain forests comprised of Fagus sylvatica , Picea abies , and Abies alba across Europe" in Forestry, 92, no. 5 (2019):512-522,
https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz035 .,
conv_1477 .