TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caković, Milica
AU  - Beloica, Jelena
AU  - Baumgertel, Aleksandar
AU  - Stojcić, Marko
AU  - Vasić, Filip
AU  - Schwaiger, Fritz
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1380
AB  - Agricultural, industrial, and human activities in general threaten water quality, as well as the biotic integrity of aquatic ecosystems. The increased concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) affects high concentrations of chlorophyll (Chl-a) in freshwater ecosystems, which causes the process of eutrophication of the waters of shallow lakes. Eutrophication, as an alarming threat to the global quality of surface waters, affects environmental degradation. This research assesses the risk of eutrophication caused by chemical oxygen demand (COD), TN, TP, Secchi disk (SD), and Chl-a using the trophic level index (TLI) in Palic and Ludas lakes. Both lakes have been nominated as potential Natura 2000 areas in 2021 because they belong to important bird areas, and Ludas Lake has the status of Ramsar site 3YU002. In the research period from 2011 to 2021, the results showed that the lake is in an extremely eutrophic state. Laboratory analyses indicate an increased concentration of Chl-a during autumn. In the paper, the normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI) was calculated using the Google Earth Engine platform, and the result indicates the loading of the lake throughout the year, with an emphasis on winter, summer, and autumn. By using satellite images and remote sensing, it is possible to determine the most degraded spots, which is a help to the researchers in choosing the places where the samples will be taken and thus act more efficiently on the most endangered parts, as well as reduce the costs of standard in situ methods.
T2  - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
T1  - Eutrophication assessment in Pannonian Basin (the case of Ludas Lake Special Nature Reserve and Palic Nature Park)
IS  - 6
VL  - 195
DO  - 10.1007/s10661-023-11347-x
UR  - conv_1709
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Caković, Milica and Beloica, Jelena and Baumgertel, Aleksandar and Stojcić, Marko and Vasić, Filip and Schwaiger, Fritz",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Agricultural, industrial, and human activities in general threaten water quality, as well as the biotic integrity of aquatic ecosystems. The increased concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) affects high concentrations of chlorophyll (Chl-a) in freshwater ecosystems, which causes the process of eutrophication of the waters of shallow lakes. Eutrophication, as an alarming threat to the global quality of surface waters, affects environmental degradation. This research assesses the risk of eutrophication caused by chemical oxygen demand (COD), TN, TP, Secchi disk (SD), and Chl-a using the trophic level index (TLI) in Palic and Ludas lakes. Both lakes have been nominated as potential Natura 2000 areas in 2021 because they belong to important bird areas, and Ludas Lake has the status of Ramsar site 3YU002. In the research period from 2011 to 2021, the results showed that the lake is in an extremely eutrophic state. Laboratory analyses indicate an increased concentration of Chl-a during autumn. In the paper, the normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI) was calculated using the Google Earth Engine platform, and the result indicates the loading of the lake throughout the year, with an emphasis on winter, summer, and autumn. By using satellite images and remote sensing, it is possible to determine the most degraded spots, which is a help to the researchers in choosing the places where the samples will be taken and thus act more efficiently on the most endangered parts, as well as reduce the costs of standard in situ methods.",
journal = "Environmental Monitoring and Assessment",
title = "Eutrophication assessment in Pannonian Basin (the case of Ludas Lake Special Nature Reserve and Palic Nature Park)",
number = "6",
volume = "195",
doi = "10.1007/s10661-023-11347-x",
url = "conv_1709"
}

Caković, M., Beloica, J., Baumgertel, A., Stojcić, M., Vasić, F.,& Schwaiger, F.. (2023). Eutrophication assessment in Pannonian Basin (the case of Ludas Lake Special Nature Reserve and Palic Nature Park). in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(6).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11347-x
conv_1709

Caković M, Beloica J, Baumgertel A, Stojcić M, Vasić F, Schwaiger F. Eutrophication assessment in Pannonian Basin (the case of Ludas Lake Special Nature Reserve and Palic Nature Park). in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2023;195(6).
doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11347-x
conv_1709 .

Caković, Milica, Beloica, Jelena, Baumgertel, Aleksandar, Stojcić, Marko, Vasić, Filip, Schwaiger, Fritz, "Eutrophication assessment in Pannonian Basin (the case of Ludas Lake Special Nature Reserve and Palic Nature Park)" in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195, no. 6 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11347-x .,
conv_1709 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caković, Milica
AU  - Beloica, Jelena
AU  - Belanović Simić, Snežana
AU  - Miljković, Predrag
AU  - Lukić, Sara
AU  - Baumgertel, Aleksandar
AU  - Schwaiger, Fritz
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1199
AB  - Diffuse water pollution from agriculture (DWPA) is one of the major factors causing water pollution in Lakes Palic and Ludas, the two largest shallow lakes of the Pannonian Basin in Serbia. These two lakes are protected under national and international law. On the basis of the number of strictly protected bird species, Ludas Lake has been classified as a wetland of international importance since 1977 (Ramsar site 3YU002); in 2021, both lakes were nominated as potential Natura 2000 areas. Despite the degree of protection and ecological significance of the area, agricultural land prevails. By a process of land expropriation during 2019, the buffer zone began to expand around the lakes, which should lead to a reduction in pollution. One of the goals of buffer-zone development is to enhance and restore the ecological connectivity of the remaining forest-steppe habitats. During the expropriation process, soil was sampled to record areas with the highest pollution. This paper assesses the environmental risk caused by phosphorus, nitrogen, and the accumulation of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cd, and Hg). For each heavy metal, the corresponding pollution indices (Igeo, PI, EF, Eri, RI, Nemerow) and soil contamination level were calculated. Pollution indices indicate the ecological risk under the influence of heavy metals in the following order: Cd  gt  Cu  gt  Ni  gt  Zn  gt  Pb  gt  Cr  gt  Hg. Results showed that concentrations of Cd exceeded the maximal permissible concentration in all examined soil samples, and high ecological risk areas were determined. High concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were detected, which could be as a result of intensive agricultural activity. Current conservation measures in this area have not provided adequate protection of the natural environment. Accordingly, existing measures must be controlled or new, more restrictive measures must be prescribed.
T2  - Forests
T1  - Diffuse Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Ludas Lake Special Nature Reserve and Palic Nature Park (Pannonian Basin)
IS  - 11
VL  - 12
DO  - 10.3390/f12111461
UR  - conv_1596
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Caković, Milica and Beloica, Jelena and Belanović Simić, Snežana and Miljković, Predrag and Lukić, Sara and Baumgertel, Aleksandar and Schwaiger, Fritz",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Diffuse water pollution from agriculture (DWPA) is one of the major factors causing water pollution in Lakes Palic and Ludas, the two largest shallow lakes of the Pannonian Basin in Serbia. These two lakes are protected under national and international law. On the basis of the number of strictly protected bird species, Ludas Lake has been classified as a wetland of international importance since 1977 (Ramsar site 3YU002); in 2021, both lakes were nominated as potential Natura 2000 areas. Despite the degree of protection and ecological significance of the area, agricultural land prevails. By a process of land expropriation during 2019, the buffer zone began to expand around the lakes, which should lead to a reduction in pollution. One of the goals of buffer-zone development is to enhance and restore the ecological connectivity of the remaining forest-steppe habitats. During the expropriation process, soil was sampled to record areas with the highest pollution. This paper assesses the environmental risk caused by phosphorus, nitrogen, and the accumulation of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cd, and Hg). For each heavy metal, the corresponding pollution indices (Igeo, PI, EF, Eri, RI, Nemerow) and soil contamination level were calculated. Pollution indices indicate the ecological risk under the influence of heavy metals in the following order: Cd  gt  Cu  gt  Ni  gt  Zn  gt  Pb  gt  Cr  gt  Hg. Results showed that concentrations of Cd exceeded the maximal permissible concentration in all examined soil samples, and high ecological risk areas were determined. High concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were detected, which could be as a result of intensive agricultural activity. Current conservation measures in this area have not provided adequate protection of the natural environment. Accordingly, existing measures must be controlled or new, more restrictive measures must be prescribed.",
journal = "Forests",
title = "Diffuse Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Ludas Lake Special Nature Reserve and Palic Nature Park (Pannonian Basin)",
number = "11",
volume = "12",
doi = "10.3390/f12111461",
url = "conv_1596"
}

Caković, M., Beloica, J., Belanović Simić, S., Miljković, P., Lukić, S., Baumgertel, A.,& Schwaiger, F.. (2021). Diffuse Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Ludas Lake Special Nature Reserve and Palic Nature Park (Pannonian Basin). in Forests, 12(11).
https://doi.org/10.3390/f12111461
conv_1596

Caković M, Beloica J, Belanović Simić S, Miljković P, Lukić S, Baumgertel A, Schwaiger F. Diffuse Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Ludas Lake Special Nature Reserve and Palic Nature Park (Pannonian Basin). in Forests. 2021;12(11).
doi:10.3390/f12111461
conv_1596 .

Caković, Milica, Beloica, Jelena, Belanović Simić, Snežana, Miljković, Predrag, Lukić, Sara, Baumgertel, Aleksandar, Schwaiger, Fritz, "Diffuse Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Ludas Lake Special Nature Reserve and Palic Nature Park (Pannonian Basin)" in Forests, 12, no. 11 (2021),
https://doi.org/10.3390/f12111461 .,
conv_1596 .