TY  - JOUR
AU  - Racko, Vladimir
AU  - Kovac, Jan
AU  - Misikova, Ol'ga
AU  - Mihal, Ivan
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
AU  - Durković, Jaroslav
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1335
AB  - Previous phytopathological studies of the fungal pathogen Nectria cinnabarina have been focused on its distribution and host diversity but little is known about the spread of this pathogen and the defence responses of forest trees to an infection inside host tissues. Histopathological alterations of bark, periderm, phloem and woody tissues were investigated in sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) branches following their natural attack by the advanced anamorph and teleomorph developmental stages of the fungus. Light, fluorescence, confocal laser scanning and scanning electron microscopy techniques supplemented by X-ray micro-computed tomography imaging were used to distinguish between healthy and disintegrated plant tissues. The intercellular spread of fungal hyphae was found primarily in the phelloderm. Expanding hyphae aggregations produced ruptures in the phellem and the disintegration of both phellogen and phellodermal parenchyma cells in close proximity to the expanding fruiting bodies of the fungus. Thicker hyphae of the teleomorph fungal stage heavily disintegrated the phelloderm tissues and also induced enhanced sclerification of the nearby phloem tissues that limited the spread of the infection into the sieve tubes. Both the intercellular and intracellular spread of hyphae inside the peripheral parts of sclereid clusters led to the disintegration of the compound middle lamellae but the hyphae were only rarely able to pass through these structural phloem barriers. The massive fungal colonization of both lumens and disintegrated tangential cell walls of ray parenchyma cells resulted in severe cambial necroses. Although the hyphae penetrated into the outermost annual growth rings of the xylem, no cell wall disintegration of the parenchyma cells, vessels and fibres was revealed. Despite the local cambial necroses and severe phloem ray disintegration, the bark remained attached to the examined branches and no bark cankers were formed.
T2  - Forests
T1  - A Structural Assessment of Sycamore Maple Bark Disintegration by Nectria cinnabarina
IS  - 3
VL  - 13
DO  - 10.3390/f13030452
UR  - conv_1624
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Racko, Vladimir and Kovac, Jan and Misikova, Ol'ga and Mihal, Ivan and Milenković, Ivan and Durković, Jaroslav",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Previous phytopathological studies of the fungal pathogen Nectria cinnabarina have been focused on its distribution and host diversity but little is known about the spread of this pathogen and the defence responses of forest trees to an infection inside host tissues. Histopathological alterations of bark, periderm, phloem and woody tissues were investigated in sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) branches following their natural attack by the advanced anamorph and teleomorph developmental stages of the fungus. Light, fluorescence, confocal laser scanning and scanning electron microscopy techniques supplemented by X-ray micro-computed tomography imaging were used to distinguish between healthy and disintegrated plant tissues. The intercellular spread of fungal hyphae was found primarily in the phelloderm. Expanding hyphae aggregations produced ruptures in the phellem and the disintegration of both phellogen and phellodermal parenchyma cells in close proximity to the expanding fruiting bodies of the fungus. Thicker hyphae of the teleomorph fungal stage heavily disintegrated the phelloderm tissues and also induced enhanced sclerification of the nearby phloem tissues that limited the spread of the infection into the sieve tubes. Both the intercellular and intracellular spread of hyphae inside the peripheral parts of sclereid clusters led to the disintegration of the compound middle lamellae but the hyphae were only rarely able to pass through these structural phloem barriers. The massive fungal colonization of both lumens and disintegrated tangential cell walls of ray parenchyma cells resulted in severe cambial necroses. Although the hyphae penetrated into the outermost annual growth rings of the xylem, no cell wall disintegration of the parenchyma cells, vessels and fibres was revealed. Despite the local cambial necroses and severe phloem ray disintegration, the bark remained attached to the examined branches and no bark cankers were formed.",
journal = "Forests",
title = "A Structural Assessment of Sycamore Maple Bark Disintegration by Nectria cinnabarina",
number = "3",
volume = "13",
doi = "10.3390/f13030452",
url = "conv_1624"
}

Racko, V., Kovac, J., Misikova, O., Mihal, I., Milenković, I.,& Durković, J.. (2022). A Structural Assessment of Sycamore Maple Bark Disintegration by Nectria cinnabarina. in Forests, 13(3).
https://doi.org/10.3390/f13030452
conv_1624

Racko V, Kovac J, Misikova O, Mihal I, Milenković I, Durković J. A Structural Assessment of Sycamore Maple Bark Disintegration by Nectria cinnabarina. in Forests. 2022;13(3).
doi:10.3390/f13030452
conv_1624 .

Racko, Vladimir, Kovac, Jan, Misikova, Ol'ga, Mihal, Ivan, Milenković, Ivan, Durković, Jaroslav, "A Structural Assessment of Sycamore Maple Bark Disintegration by Nectria cinnabarina" in Forests, 13, no. 3 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.3390/f13030452 .,
conv_1624 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Corcobado, Tamara
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
AU  - Saiz-Fernandez, Inigo
AU  - Kudlacek, Tomas
AU  - Plichta, Roman
AU  - Majek, Tomas
AU  - Bacova, Aneta
AU  - Datkova, Henrieta
AU  - Dalya, Laszlo Benedek
AU  - Trifković, Miloš
AU  - Mureddu, Davide
AU  - Racko, Vladimir
AU  - Kardosova, Monika
AU  - Durković, Jaroslav
AU  - Rattunde, Roman
AU  - Jung, Thomas
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1322
AB  - Phytophthora infections are followed by histological alterations, physiological and metabolomic adjustments in the host but very few studies contemplate these changes simultaneously. Fagus sylvatica seedlings were inoculated with A1 and A2 mating types of the heterothallic P. xcambivora and with the homothallic P. plurivora to identify plant physiological and metabolomic changes accompanying microscope observations of the colonization process one, two and three weeks after inoculation. Phytophthora plurivora-infected plants died at a faster pace than those inoculated with P. xcambivora and showed higher mortality than P. xcambivora A1-infected plants. Phytophthora xcambivora A1 and A2 caused similar progression and total rate of mortality. Most differences in the physiological parameters between inoculated and non-inoculated plants were detected two weeks after inoculation. Alterations in primary and secondary metabolites in roots and leaves were demonstrated for all the inoculated plants two and three weeks after inoculation. The results indicate that P. plurivora is more aggressive to Fagus sylvatica seedlings than both mating types of P. xcambivora while P. xcambivora A1 showed a slower infection mode than P. xcambivora A2 and led to minor plant metabolomic adjustments.
T2  - Journal of Fungi
T1  - Metabolomic and Physiological Changes in Fagus sylvatica Seedlings Infected with Phytophthora plurivora and the A1 and A2 Mating Types of P. xcambivora
IS  - 3
VL  - 8
DO  - 10.3390/jof8030298
UR  - conv_1623
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Corcobado, Tamara and Milenković, Ivan and Saiz-Fernandez, Inigo and Kudlacek, Tomas and Plichta, Roman and Majek, Tomas and Bacova, Aneta and Datkova, Henrieta and Dalya, Laszlo Benedek and Trifković, Miloš and Mureddu, Davide and Racko, Vladimir and Kardosova, Monika and Durković, Jaroslav and Rattunde, Roman and Jung, Thomas",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Phytophthora infections are followed by histological alterations, physiological and metabolomic adjustments in the host but very few studies contemplate these changes simultaneously. Fagus sylvatica seedlings were inoculated with A1 and A2 mating types of the heterothallic P. xcambivora and with the homothallic P. plurivora to identify plant physiological and metabolomic changes accompanying microscope observations of the colonization process one, two and three weeks after inoculation. Phytophthora plurivora-infected plants died at a faster pace than those inoculated with P. xcambivora and showed higher mortality than P. xcambivora A1-infected plants. Phytophthora xcambivora A1 and A2 caused similar progression and total rate of mortality. Most differences in the physiological parameters between inoculated and non-inoculated plants were detected two weeks after inoculation. Alterations in primary and secondary metabolites in roots and leaves were demonstrated for all the inoculated plants two and three weeks after inoculation. The results indicate that P. plurivora is more aggressive to Fagus sylvatica seedlings than both mating types of P. xcambivora while P. xcambivora A1 showed a slower infection mode than P. xcambivora A2 and led to minor plant metabolomic adjustments.",
journal = "Journal of Fungi",
title = "Metabolomic and Physiological Changes in Fagus sylvatica Seedlings Infected with Phytophthora plurivora and the A1 and A2 Mating Types of P. xcambivora",
number = "3",
volume = "8",
doi = "10.3390/jof8030298",
url = "conv_1623"
}

Corcobado, T., Milenković, I., Saiz-Fernandez, I., Kudlacek, T., Plichta, R., Majek, T., Bacova, A., Datkova, H., Dalya, L. B., Trifković, M., Mureddu, D., Racko, V., Kardosova, M., Durković, J., Rattunde, R.,& Jung, T.. (2022). Metabolomic and Physiological Changes in Fagus sylvatica Seedlings Infected with Phytophthora plurivora and the A1 and A2 Mating Types of P. xcambivora. in Journal of Fungi, 8(3).
https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8030298
conv_1623

Corcobado T, Milenković I, Saiz-Fernandez I, Kudlacek T, Plichta R, Majek T, Bacova A, Datkova H, Dalya LB, Trifković M, Mureddu D, Racko V, Kardosova M, Durković J, Rattunde R, Jung T. Metabolomic and Physiological Changes in Fagus sylvatica Seedlings Infected with Phytophthora plurivora and the A1 and A2 Mating Types of P. xcambivora. in Journal of Fungi. 2022;8(3).
doi:10.3390/jof8030298
conv_1623 .

Corcobado, Tamara, Milenković, Ivan, Saiz-Fernandez, Inigo, Kudlacek, Tomas, Plichta, Roman, Majek, Tomas, Bacova, Aneta, Datkova, Henrieta, Dalya, Laszlo Benedek, Trifković, Miloš, Mureddu, Davide, Racko, Vladimir, Kardosova, Monika, Durković, Jaroslav, Rattunde, Roman, Jung, Thomas, "Metabolomic and Physiological Changes in Fagus sylvatica Seedlings Infected with Phytophthora plurivora and the A1 and A2 Mating Types of P. xcambivora" in Journal of Fungi, 8, no. 3 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8030298 .,
conv_1623 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cerny, Martin
AU  - Berka, Miroslav
AU  - Dvorak, Milon
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
AU  - Saiz-Fernandez, Inigo
AU  - Brzobohaty, Bretislav
AU  - Durković, Jaroslav
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1295
AB  - Poplars are among the fastest-growing trees and significant resources in agriculture and forestry. However, rapid growth requires a large water consumption, and irrigation water provides a natural means for pathogen spread. That includes members of Phytophthora spp. that have proven to be a global enemy to forests. With the known adaptability to new hosts, it is only a matter of time for more aggressive Phytophthora species to become a threat to poplar forests and plantations. Here, the effects of artificial inoculation with two different representatives of aggressive species (P. cactorum and P. plurivora) were analyzed in the proteome of the Phytophthora-tolerant hybrid poplar clone T-14 [Populus tremula L. 70 x (Populus x canescens (Ait.) Sm. 23)]. Wood microcore samples were collected at the active necrosis borders to provide insight into the molecular processes underlying the observed tolerance to Phytophthora. The analysis revealed the impact of Phytophthora on poplar primary and secondary metabolism, including carbohydrate-active enzymes, amino acid biosynthesis, phenolic metabolism, and lipid metabolism, all of which were confirmed by consecutive metabolome and lipidome profiling. Modulations of enzymes indicating systemic response were confirmed by the analysis of leaf proteome, and sampling of wood microcores in distal locations revealed proteins with abundance correlating with proximity to the infection, including germin-like proteins, components of proteosynthesis, glutamate carboxypeptidase, and an enzyme that likely promotes anthocyanin stability. Finally, the identified Phytophthora-responsive proteins were compared to those previously found in trees with compromised defense against Phytophthora, namely, Quercus spp. and Castanea sativa. That provided a subset of candidate markers of Phytophthora tolerance, including certain ribosomal proteins, auxin metabolism enzymes, dioxygenases, polyphenol oxidases, trehalose-phosphate synthase, mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase, and rhamnose biosynthetic enzymes. In summary, this analysis provided the first insight into the molecular mechanisms of hybrid poplar defense against Phytophthora and identified prospective targets for improving Phytophthora tolerance in trees.
T2  - Frontiers in Plant Science
T1  - Defense mechanisms promoting tolerance to aggressive Phytophthora species in hybrid poplar
VL  - 13
DO  - 10.3389/fpls.2022.1018272
UR  - conv_1666
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Cerny, Martin and Berka, Miroslav and Dvorak, Milon and Milenković, Ivan and Saiz-Fernandez, Inigo and Brzobohaty, Bretislav and Durković, Jaroslav",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Poplars are among the fastest-growing trees and significant resources in agriculture and forestry. However, rapid growth requires a large water consumption, and irrigation water provides a natural means for pathogen spread. That includes members of Phytophthora spp. that have proven to be a global enemy to forests. With the known adaptability to new hosts, it is only a matter of time for more aggressive Phytophthora species to become a threat to poplar forests and plantations. Here, the effects of artificial inoculation with two different representatives of aggressive species (P. cactorum and P. plurivora) were analyzed in the proteome of the Phytophthora-tolerant hybrid poplar clone T-14 [Populus tremula L. 70 x (Populus x canescens (Ait.) Sm. 23)]. Wood microcore samples were collected at the active necrosis borders to provide insight into the molecular processes underlying the observed tolerance to Phytophthora. The analysis revealed the impact of Phytophthora on poplar primary and secondary metabolism, including carbohydrate-active enzymes, amino acid biosynthesis, phenolic metabolism, and lipid metabolism, all of which were confirmed by consecutive metabolome and lipidome profiling. Modulations of enzymes indicating systemic response were confirmed by the analysis of leaf proteome, and sampling of wood microcores in distal locations revealed proteins with abundance correlating with proximity to the infection, including germin-like proteins, components of proteosynthesis, glutamate carboxypeptidase, and an enzyme that likely promotes anthocyanin stability. Finally, the identified Phytophthora-responsive proteins were compared to those previously found in trees with compromised defense against Phytophthora, namely, Quercus spp. and Castanea sativa. That provided a subset of candidate markers of Phytophthora tolerance, including certain ribosomal proteins, auxin metabolism enzymes, dioxygenases, polyphenol oxidases, trehalose-phosphate synthase, mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase, and rhamnose biosynthetic enzymes. In summary, this analysis provided the first insight into the molecular mechanisms of hybrid poplar defense against Phytophthora and identified prospective targets for improving Phytophthora tolerance in trees.",
journal = "Frontiers in Plant Science",
title = "Defense mechanisms promoting tolerance to aggressive Phytophthora species in hybrid poplar",
volume = "13",
doi = "10.3389/fpls.2022.1018272",
url = "conv_1666"
}

Cerny, M., Berka, M., Dvorak, M., Milenković, I., Saiz-Fernandez, I., Brzobohaty, B.,& Durković, J.. (2022). Defense mechanisms promoting tolerance to aggressive Phytophthora species in hybrid poplar. in Frontiers in Plant Science, 13.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1018272
conv_1666

Cerny M, Berka M, Dvorak M, Milenković I, Saiz-Fernandez I, Brzobohaty B, Durković J. Defense mechanisms promoting tolerance to aggressive Phytophthora species in hybrid poplar. in Frontiers in Plant Science. 2022;13.
doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1018272
conv_1666 .

Cerny, Martin, Berka, Miroslav, Dvorak, Milon, Milenković, Ivan, Saiz-Fernandez, Inigo, Brzobohaty, Bretislav, Durković, Jaroslav, "Defense mechanisms promoting tolerance to aggressive Phytophthora species in hybrid poplar" in Frontiers in Plant Science, 13 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1018272 .,
conv_1666 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Durković, Jaroslav
AU  - Bubenikova, Tatiana
AU  - Guzmerova, Adriana
AU  - Fleischer, Peter
AU  - Kurjak, Daniel
AU  - Canova, Ingrid
AU  - Lukacik, Ivan
AU  - Dvorak, Milon
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1247
AB  - Bark cankers accompanied by symptoms of decline and dieback are the result of a destructive disease caused by Phytophthora infections in woody plants. Pathogenicity, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and volatile responses to P. cactorum and P. plurivora inoculations were studied in field-grown 10-year-old hybrid poplar plants. The most stressful effects of P. cactorum on photosynthetic behaviour were found at days 30 and 38 post-inoculation (p.-i.), whereas major disturbances induced by P. plurivora were identified at day 30 p.-i. and also belatedly at day 52 p.-i. The spectrum of volatile organic compounds emitted at day 98 p.-i. was richer than that at day 9 p.-i, and the emissions of both sesquiterpenes alpha-cubebene and germacrene D were induced solely by the Phytophthora inoculations. Significant positive relationships were found between both the axial and the tangential development of bark cankers and the emissions of alpha-cubebene and beta-caryophyllene, respectively. These results show that both alpha-cubebene and germacrene D are signal molecules for the suppression of Phytophthora hyphae spread from necrotic sites of the bark to healthy living tissues. Four years following inoculations, for the majority of the inoculated plants, the callus tissue had already closed over the bark cankers.
T2  - Journal of Fungi
T1  - Effects of Phytophthora Inoculations on Photosynthetic Behaviour and Induced Defence Responses of Plant Volatiles in Field-Grown Hybrid Poplar Tolerant to Bark Canker Disease
IS  - 11
VL  - 7
DO  - 10.3390/jof7110969
UR  - conv_1620
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Durković, Jaroslav and Bubenikova, Tatiana and Guzmerova, Adriana and Fleischer, Peter and Kurjak, Daniel and Canova, Ingrid and Lukacik, Ivan and Dvorak, Milon and Milenković, Ivan",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Bark cankers accompanied by symptoms of decline and dieback are the result of a destructive disease caused by Phytophthora infections in woody plants. Pathogenicity, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and volatile responses to P. cactorum and P. plurivora inoculations were studied in field-grown 10-year-old hybrid poplar plants. The most stressful effects of P. cactorum on photosynthetic behaviour were found at days 30 and 38 post-inoculation (p.-i.), whereas major disturbances induced by P. plurivora were identified at day 30 p.-i. and also belatedly at day 52 p.-i. The spectrum of volatile organic compounds emitted at day 98 p.-i. was richer than that at day 9 p.-i, and the emissions of both sesquiterpenes alpha-cubebene and germacrene D were induced solely by the Phytophthora inoculations. Significant positive relationships were found between both the axial and the tangential development of bark cankers and the emissions of alpha-cubebene and beta-caryophyllene, respectively. These results show that both alpha-cubebene and germacrene D are signal molecules for the suppression of Phytophthora hyphae spread from necrotic sites of the bark to healthy living tissues. Four years following inoculations, for the majority of the inoculated plants, the callus tissue had already closed over the bark cankers.",
journal = "Journal of Fungi",
title = "Effects of Phytophthora Inoculations on Photosynthetic Behaviour and Induced Defence Responses of Plant Volatiles in Field-Grown Hybrid Poplar Tolerant to Bark Canker Disease",
number = "11",
volume = "7",
doi = "10.3390/jof7110969",
url = "conv_1620"
}

Durković, J., Bubenikova, T., Guzmerova, A., Fleischer, P., Kurjak, D., Canova, I., Lukacik, I., Dvorak, M.,& Milenković, I.. (2021). Effects of Phytophthora Inoculations on Photosynthetic Behaviour and Induced Defence Responses of Plant Volatiles in Field-Grown Hybrid Poplar Tolerant to Bark Canker Disease. in Journal of Fungi, 7(11).
https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110969
conv_1620

Durković J, Bubenikova T, Guzmerova A, Fleischer P, Kurjak D, Canova I, Lukacik I, Dvorak M, Milenković I. Effects of Phytophthora Inoculations on Photosynthetic Behaviour and Induced Defence Responses of Plant Volatiles in Field-Grown Hybrid Poplar Tolerant to Bark Canker Disease. in Journal of Fungi. 2021;7(11).
doi:10.3390/jof7110969
conv_1620 .

Durković, Jaroslav, Bubenikova, Tatiana, Guzmerova, Adriana, Fleischer, Peter, Kurjak, Daniel, Canova, Ingrid, Lukacik, Ivan, Dvorak, Milon, Milenković, Ivan, "Effects of Phytophthora Inoculations on Photosynthetic Behaviour and Induced Defence Responses of Plant Volatiles in Field-Grown Hybrid Poplar Tolerant to Bark Canker Disease" in Journal of Fungi, 7, no. 11 (2021),
https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110969 .,
conv_1620 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karadžić, Dragan
AU  - Stanivuković, Zoran
AU  - Milanović, Slobodan
AU  - Sikora, Katarzyna
AU  - Radulović, Zlatan
AU  - Racko, Vladimir
AU  - Kardosova, Monika
AU  - Durković, Jaroslav
AU  - Milenković, Ivan
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://omorika.sfb.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1145
AB  - When monitoring the state of health of Fraxinus excelsior trees, unusual symptoms were discovered within a F. excelsior plantation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. These symptoms included the appearance of necrosis and cankers in the basal parts of the trees, followed by the formation of fruiting bodies, however, none of these symptoms were found in the crowns. After sampling and isolation of the necrotic parts from the stem base, pathogen Neonectria punicea was isolated and identified from the characteristics of pure cultures, morphology of the fruiting bodies, and from multilocus sequencing. In field conditions, juvenile F. excelsior trees were inoculated with two N. punicea isolates obtained from the necrotic tissues of both juvenile F. excelsior and mature Fagus sylvatica trees. In both isolates, 12 months post inoculation, the lengths and widths of the necroses were significantly larger compared to the control. Necroses of significantly larger lengths, widths and surfaces were found again in both tested isolates 24 months post inoculation. In the case of the F. excelsior isolate, the lengths of the necroses at both the stem base and at breast height increased by 1.6 times, whereas the F. sylvatica isolate increased in size by up to 1.7 and 1.8 times, respectively. Trees inoculated without a previous bark wound showed no symptoms, similar to the control trees. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography imaging revealed that N. punicea hyphae penetrated from the cankers to the woody outermost annual growth ring and that hyphae were present mostly in the large earlywood vessels and rarely in the axial parenchyma cells. Hyphae also spread radially through the pits in vessels. The infected trees responded with the formation of tyloses in the vessels to prevent a rapid fungal spread through the axial vascular transport pathway. The ability of N. punicea to cause necroses in juvenile ash trees was demonstrated for the first time during this study. It poses a serious threat to planted forests and natural regenerations of F. excelsior especially if F. sylvatica is considered as a possible inoculum reservoir for future infections. This pathogen should be integrated within future ash resistance or breeding programs.
T2  - Frontiers in Plant Science
T1  - Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees
VL  - 11
DO  - 10.3389/fpls.2020.592260
UR  - conv_1521
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Karadžić, Dragan and Stanivuković, Zoran and Milanović, Slobodan and Sikora, Katarzyna and Radulović, Zlatan and Racko, Vladimir and Kardosova, Monika and Durković, Jaroslav and Milenković, Ivan",
year = "2020",
abstract = "When monitoring the state of health of Fraxinus excelsior trees, unusual symptoms were discovered within a F. excelsior plantation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. These symptoms included the appearance of necrosis and cankers in the basal parts of the trees, followed by the formation of fruiting bodies, however, none of these symptoms were found in the crowns. After sampling and isolation of the necrotic parts from the stem base, pathogen Neonectria punicea was isolated and identified from the characteristics of pure cultures, morphology of the fruiting bodies, and from multilocus sequencing. In field conditions, juvenile F. excelsior trees were inoculated with two N. punicea isolates obtained from the necrotic tissues of both juvenile F. excelsior and mature Fagus sylvatica trees. In both isolates, 12 months post inoculation, the lengths and widths of the necroses were significantly larger compared to the control. Necroses of significantly larger lengths, widths and surfaces were found again in both tested isolates 24 months post inoculation. In the case of the F. excelsior isolate, the lengths of the necroses at both the stem base and at breast height increased by 1.6 times, whereas the F. sylvatica isolate increased in size by up to 1.7 and 1.8 times, respectively. Trees inoculated without a previous bark wound showed no symptoms, similar to the control trees. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography imaging revealed that N. punicea hyphae penetrated from the cankers to the woody outermost annual growth ring and that hyphae were present mostly in the large earlywood vessels and rarely in the axial parenchyma cells. Hyphae also spread radially through the pits in vessels. The infected trees responded with the formation of tyloses in the vessels to prevent a rapid fungal spread through the axial vascular transport pathway. The ability of N. punicea to cause necroses in juvenile ash trees was demonstrated for the first time during this study. It poses a serious threat to planted forests and natural regenerations of F. excelsior especially if F. sylvatica is considered as a possible inoculum reservoir for future infections. This pathogen should be integrated within future ash resistance or breeding programs.",
journal = "Frontiers in Plant Science",
title = "Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees",
volume = "11",
doi = "10.3389/fpls.2020.592260",
url = "conv_1521"
}

Karadžić, D., Stanivuković, Z., Milanović, S., Sikora, K., Radulović, Z., Racko, V., Kardosova, M., Durković, J.,& Milenković, I.. (2020). Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees. in Frontiers in Plant Science, 11.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.592260
conv_1521

Karadžić D, Stanivuković Z, Milanović S, Sikora K, Radulović Z, Racko V, Kardosova M, Durković J, Milenković I. Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees. in Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020;11.
doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.592260
conv_1521 .

Karadžić, Dragan, Stanivuković, Zoran, Milanović, Slobodan, Sikora, Katarzyna, Radulović, Zlatan, Racko, Vladimir, Kardosova, Monika, Durković, Jaroslav, Milenković, Ivan, "Development of Neonectria punicea Pathogenic Symptoms in Juvenile Fraxinus excelsior Trees" in Frontiers in Plant Science, 11 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.592260 .,
conv_1521 .