Planiranje predela kao instrument prostornog razvoja Srbije

Abstract

Problem definisanja osnove na kojoj se gradi koncept planiranja predela kao instrumenta prostornog razvoja Srbije je centralno pitanje kojim se autor bavi u ovom radu. Da ideje na kojima počiva postojeće planiranje predela (u Srbiji posebno) više nisu ideje vremena u kom živimo, osnovna je teza koja je pokrenula ovo istraživanje. Globalni procesi su stvorili novi ambijent u kom se danas planira: planiranje za predeo je prevaziđeno. Današnja teorijska paradigma menja težište, odnosno prostorni koncept. Predeo nije više samo rezervat kulturne i prirodne baštine koji treba konzervirati u zatečenoj slici, već je holistički, hibridni, entitet prirodnih, kulturnih i socijalnih vrednosti koji se menja i razvija. Kao takav on postaje predmet istraživanja. Ovim radom su ponuđeni elementi za građu drugačijeg koncepta planiranja - planiranja kroz predeo. Nastao je kao model primene nove paradigme kojom su definisani prostorni koncept i planerski principi. Paradigma integriše naučne principe: predeone ekologije, estetike predela kao sistema i principe komunikativnog planiranja u okvirima predela (kao prostornog koncepta). U heurističkom smislu, objedinjena je deskriptivna i preskriptivna teorija planiranja, a rešavanje naučnih problema i zadataka zasniva se na: konceptu predela kao celine, transdisciplinarnosti u istraživačkom pristupu i karakteru predela kao novoj vrednosti (javno dobro)u sistemu planiranja. U interpretaciji novog koncepta planiranja, pitanja prostornog razvoja vode ka opredeljenju za tip odnosno karakter budućeg predela, koji je javno dobro i javni interes, u koji su ugrađeni ciljevi svih sektora (stanovanja, industrije, poljoprivrede, šumarstva, energetike, zaštite životne sredine, prirodnog i kulturnog nasleđa...). Stepen integrativnosti i holizma nas može opredeliti u zaključku da se ponuđeni odnosno mogući koncept umnogome razlikuje od postojećeg. A da li je i osnova za planiranje boljih i lepših predela pitanje je nepredvidljivosti budućeg razvoja planiranja uopšte. S obzirom na iskustva večite potrage za modelom integralnog planiranja, kao i neizvesnosti u kom se planiranje kreće, otvorena su nova pitanja i dileme...

The problem of defining the basis to the concept of landscape planning as an instrument of spatial development in Serbia is the central issue that this thesis deals with. The basic thesis that initiated this study consideres that the ideas underlying the existing landscape planning (especially in Serbia) are not the ideas valid at the present time any more. Global processes have created a new environment for nowadays planning: planning for landscape is outdated. The current theoretical paradigm changes the focus or spatial concept. The landscape is no longer only a reserve of cultural and natural heritage that should be preserved in the same state, but it is a holistic, hybrid entity of natural, cultural and social values, which has been changing and evolving through time, and as such, becomes the subject of research. This paper provides elements for creating a different concept of planning through landscape, as an application model of the new paradigm that defines the spatial concept and planning principles. It integrates the application of scientific principles: landscape ecology, landscape aesthetics as a system and principles of communicative planning within the landscape as a spatial concept. In heuristic terms, descriptive and prescriptive theories of planning are unified, and solving scientific problems and tasks is based on: the concept of landscape as a whole, transdisciplinarity in research approach and landscape character as a new value in the planning system but also in an integral interpretation of knowledge about landscape. Spatial development issues in the interpretation of the new concept of planning, lead to the determination of type and character of the future landscape, which is public benefit and public interest, and where the objectives of all sectors are incorporated (housing, industry, agriculture, forestry, energy, environmental protection, natural and cultural heritage, ...). Level of integration and holism can prompt us towards the conclusion that offered or possible concept veries significantly from the existing one. And whether that concept is the basis for better planning and more beautiful landscapes, is the question of unpredictability of future development of planning in general. New questions and dilemmas have been raised, as it could have been predicted, given the experiences of the eternal search of an integrated planning model as well as the uncertainty of the planning itself...