Analiza strateških i zakonodavnih okvira u šumarstvu i povezanim sektorima - ublažavanje negativnih efekata klimatskih promena u Evropskoj uniji i Srbiji

Abstract

Značajna uloga šuma u ublažavanju i prilagođavanju na negativne efekte klimatskih promena je prepoznata i široko prihvaćena, pa je, samim tim, postala i predmet sveopšteg interesovanja i podrške. Ipak, u nacionalnim strategijama koje se tiču klimatskih promena, vrlo često, nije detaljno razmotren značaj sektora šumarstva u ublažavanju negativnih efekata ovih promena, kao što i problematika klimatskih promena nije potpuno zastupljena i obuhvaćena u nacionalnim šumarskim politikama. Cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje saglasnosti i razlika strateških i zakonodavnih okvira u šumarstvu i povezanim sektorima, koji se odnose na ublažavanje negativnih efekata klimatskih promena u Evropskoj uniji (EU) i Srbiji. Utvrđeno je da na nivou EU postoje dve strategije i jedna okvirna politika, a u Srbiji, osam sektorskih strategija, koje se bave problematikom ublažavanja negativnih efekata klimatskih promena, kroz šumarstvo. Pri tom su ova pitanja primarni cilj samo u Klimatsko-energetskom paketu EU i Strategiji razvoja šumarstva u Srbiji. U pogledu zakonodavnih okvira, u Srbiji dva zakona kao primarni cilj imaju ublažavanje negativnih efekata klimatskih promena kroz šumarstvo, dok je u nadležnoj zakonodavnoj regulativi u EU to sekundarni cilj. U Srbiji, samo Zakon o šumama ima direktan uticaj na ublažavanje negativnih efekata klimatskih promena kroz šumarstvo, dok na nivou EU nijedna uredba, komunikacija ili direktiva nemaju takav uticaj.

The important role of forests in mitigating and adapting to climate changes is recognized and widely accepted. Therefore, it becomes a subject of universal interest and support. However, in the national strategies relating to climate change, the importance of the forestry sector in mitigating these changes is quite often not discussed in detail. In addition, the problem of climate change is not fully represented and included in national forestry policies. The aim of this research was to determine the compliance and differences of strategic and legislative frameworks in forestry and related sectors, relating to climate change mitigation in the EU and Serbia. At the EU level, there are two strategies and a policy framework, and in Serbia, eight sectoral strategies, referring and discussing the climate change mitigation through forestry. At the same time, these issues are highlighted as the primary objective, only in the Climate and Energy Package of the EU and the Forestry Development Strategy in Serbia. In terms of legislative framework in Serbia, two laws have climate change mitigation through forestry as the primary objective, while for the analyzed relevant EU legislation, this is a secondary objective. In Serbia, only the Forest law has a direct impact on climate change mitigation through forestry, while at EU level, there is no regulation, directive or communication, with the same direct influence.