Novi pristup rekultivaciji starog flotacijskog jalovišta u Boru

Abstract

Više decenija staro flotacijsko jalovište rudnika bakra Bor nije rekultivisano iako predstavlja problem za životnu okolinu, a pre svega za delove naselja u gradu. Do sada nije bilo valjanih pokušaja da se posrednom rekultivacijom rešava ovaj problem već se više puta radilo na neposrednoj rekultivaciji. U radu su prikazani rezultati ogleda postavljenog na delu jalovišta u neposrednoj blizini naselja u kome su u okviru biološke rekultivacije korišćene različite varijante oplemenjivanja supstrata i čiste jalovine pri sadnji i gajenju nekoliko vrsta drveća i trave. Istraživanja na oglednom polju pokazuju da je upotreba većeg broja drvenastih vrsta u rekultivaciji jalovišta rudnika u Boru moguća pri čemu su najbolji uspeh pokazale sadnice posađene u sloju plodne zemlje na jalovini i mešavini zemlje i jalovine, a od korišćenih vrsta najbolje preživljavanje, rast i fiziološku vitalnost pokazali su bagrem, jasen i javor, a najslabije smrča i hrast lužnjak.

The old flotation tailings of the Bor copper mine have not been reclaimed for several decades, although it is a serious threat to the environment, especially to some parts of the town. To date, there have been no efficacious attempts of solving the problem by indirect rehabilitation, only several cases of direct reclamation. This paper presents some results of the experiment established on a part of the tailings in the vicinity of the town, where various variants of meliorated and sterile substrates were applied in the biological reclamation with several tree and grass species. The analysis shows that, in the rehabilitation of sterile substrate of the copper mine, it is possible to grow several woody species. The best results were achieved by the species that were planted in the fertile soil layer on the sterile copper mine substrate, and on the mixture of soil and waste. Among the woody species, Robinia pseudoaccacia, Fraxinus excelsior and Acer pseudoplatanus showed the best survival percent, growth, and physiological vitality and the poorest were spruce and common oak.