Kartiranje biotopa sliva kumodraškog potoka u Beogradu

Abstract

Sve obimnije negativne promene u biosferi, mnoge nepovratne, nameću potrebe evidentiranja postojećeg stanja abiotičkih i biotičkih faktora sredine kako bi se, uz odgovarajuće postupke, preostali značajni prostori zaštitili, procesi degradacije usporili, a izgubljeni prostori u skladu sa mogućnostima nadoknadili. Zbog toga je za potrebe ekološkog planiranja u mnogim razvijenim zemljama usvojen metod kartiranja i vrednovanja biotopa. Zahvaljujući karakterističnom položaju na tranzicionom pravcu od rubne zone grada ka gradskom jezgru, prostor sliva Kumodraškog potoka pružio je dobru osnovu za proveru i primenu postupka kartiranja gradskih biotopa. Različiti načini korišćenja zemljišta, očuvanost relativno velikih otvorenih prostora između dva tipa izgrađenih struktura i deo slobodnog toka Kumodraškog potoka dali su osnove za pretpostavku da se na ovom prostoru mogu očekivati staništa koja bi bilo značajno očuvati. U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja 2006. godine koji su upoređeni sa prethodnim istraživanjima i stanjem u 2009. Izrazita heterogenost korišćenja, širenje neplanski podignutih objekata, ali i postojanje struktura koje mogu biti značajne za unapređenje sistema zelenih prostora grada, ukazuje na neadekvatnu razvojnu dinamiku ovog područja, ali i potrebu za daljim istraživanjima koja bi dovela do adekvatnih planskih rešenja. Kartiranjem celokupnog obuhvata sliva i prikupljanjem obeležja koja detaljno karakterišu biotope dobijena je informaciona osnova za dalji rad na vrednovanju gradskih biotopa i argumentaciju usmeravanja izgradnje u pravcu zaštite preostalih otvorenih prostora rubne zone grada.

Increasing negative changes in the biosphere, many of them irreversible, impose the need for the recording of the state of abiotic and biotic environmental factors in order that, with adequate measures, left over significant areas protect, degradation process slows down and lost area compensation accordance with possibilities. Therefore, for ecological planning in many developed countries, method of mapping and assessment of biotopes was introduced, firstly in rural areas and later in urban zones as well. Due to characteristic position in the transition direction from the city frindge to towards its core, area of the Kumodraž watershed area offered good basis for the application and examination of urban biotope mapping procedures. Different ways of land use, preservation of the relatively large area of open urban areas between two types of build structures and part of the free course of the Kumodraž stream offer good base for the assumption that habitats worth being preserved can be expected. The paper present results of the investigations carried out in 2006, which were compared with previous investigations as well as with the state in 2009. Prominent heterogeneity of and use, spreading of illegal settlements, but also existence of structures, which can be significant for encasement of the system of green and open spaces indicate on inadequate development of this area and also need for further investigations, which would lead to adequately planning solutions. By the mapping of the whole stream waters head and collection of attributes which characterize biotopes in details information bases for the further work on the assessment of the town biotope was obtained, as well as for argumentation for the directing the development towards protection of the remaining green areas of the city fringe.