Opodzoljena kisela smeđa zemljišta u Srbiji

Abstract

Sistematizovanih podataka o postojanju, osobinama, genezi I rasprostranjenju opodzoljenog kiselog smeđeg zemljišta na području Srbije, ima veoma malo. U okviru Klasifikacije zemljišta (ŠKORIĆ et al., 1985) ovo zemljište se definiše kao podtip kiselog smeđeg zemljišta. Geneza, kao I formiranje morfološke slike profila, vrši se pod uticajem odgovarajuće konstelacije stanišnih faktora. Kisele silikatne stene, veoma kupiran reljef, veliki nagibi, oskudna vegetacija I često izloženost terena suncu, eroziji vodom I vetrom, specifična mikroklima, su glavni uzročnici obrazovanja ovog zemljišta. Opodzoljeno kiselo smeđe zemljište u acidofilnim šumama bukve (podsveza: Luzulo-Fagenion moesiacae B. Jov. 1976) I u zajednicama acidofilnih šuma hrasta kitnjaka fragmentamo se javlja na malim površinama u celoj Srbiji. Osnovne karakteristike ovog zemljišta: mala dubina, jako kisela ili ekstremno kisela reakcija zemljišta, premeštanje seskvioksida, specifičan giaipno-frakcioni sastav humusa, su svojstva koja ga približavaju smeđim podzolastim zemljištima I podzolima. U skladu sa savremenim pristupom razvoju šumarstva neophodno je degradirane I devastirane površine ceno-ekološke grupe acidofilnih šuma bukve (Luzulo-Fagenion moesiacae B. Jov. 1976) i acidofilnih šuma hrasta kitnjaka i pitomog kestena (sveza: Quercion robori-petraeae) na opodzoljenom kiselom smeđem zemljištu, na jako velikim nagibima, izdvojiti u posebne gazdinske celine i na njih primenjivati poseban gazdinski tretman. Ovakve celine javljaju se na području cele Srbije i njihova ukupna površina svakako nije zanemarljiva.

The systematized data on the existence, properties, genesis and distribution of podzolised acid brown soils in Serbia are very few. In the Soil Classification (ŠKORIĆ et al, 1985) this soil is defined as the subtype of acid brown soil. The genesis, as well as the formation of the profile morphology, is performed under the effect of the corresponding constellation of site factors. Acid siliceous rocks, very much dissected relief, steep slopes, scanty vegetation and often the sunny exposures, water and wind erosion, specific microclimate, are the main agents of this soil formation. Podzolised acid brown soil in acidophilus forests of beech (suballiance: Luzido-Fagenion moesiacae B. Jov. 1976) and in the communities of acidophilus forests of sessile oak occurs in fragments over small areas throughout Serbia. The main characteristics of this soil, i.e. small depth, very acid or extremely acid soil pH, transition of sesquioxides, specific group-fraction composition of humus, are the properties that approach to brunipodzols and podzols. In harmony with the modern approach to forestry development, the degraded and devastated areas of the coeno-ecological group of acidophilous beech forests (Luztdo-Fagent on moesiacae B. Jov. 1976) and acidophilous forests of sessile oak and sweet chestnut (alliance: Quercion robori-petraeae) on podzolised acid brown soil, on very steep slopes, should be designated as special management units and a special management treatment should be applied. Such units occur in beech forests throughout Serbia and their total area is not at all to be disregarded.