Restauracija erodiranih površina u ski-centrima Srbije

Abstract

Negativni uticaji na životnu sredinu u ski-centrima Srbije imaju veoma naglašene estetske i funkcionalne posledice. Izgradnja ili proširenje postojećih ski-staza utiče na degradaciju zemljišnog i vegetacionog pokrivača. Određene aktivnosti povećavaju erozionu produkciju i pronos nanosa: čiste seče, transport trupaca niz nagib, izgradnja puteva i masivni iskopi. Nedostatak mera za zaštitu od erozije, posebno u periodu april-oktobar, dovodi do različitih oblika deformacije terena, kao što su: brazde, jaruge, klizišta, osuline. Posledice neodgovarajućeg tretmana prostora u ski-centrima uočljive su na nizvodnim deonicama rečnih korita, usled učestalih poplava i deponovanja velikih količina vučenog nanosa. Adekvatna zaštita ugroženih površina realizuje se primenom koncepta restauracije i protiverozione zaštite, od nivoa izrade planske i tehničke dokumentacije, do kasnije izgradnje objekata.

The environmental impacts in Serbian ski areas are very strong, leading to landscape degradation and functionality losses. Construction or improvement works cause serious destruction of topsoil and native vegetation. Some activities enhance erosion production and sediment yield: clear cuttings; trunk transport down the slope; road construction and large excavations. Also, lack of erosion control works in ski areas, especially between April and October, result in various forms of land degradation such as furrows, gullies, landslides, or debris from rock weathering. The consequences of mismanagement in ski areas are noticeable in downstream sections of river beds, causing floods and bed-load deposition. Planning and designing activities, with the application of technical and biotechnical erosion control structures, through the concept of restoration, are necessary measures in the protection of ski areas.