Acanthoscelides pallidipennis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), spermatofaga bagremca (Amorpha fruticosa L.) i njeni prirodni neprijatelji u Srbiji

Abstract

Bagremac (Amorpha fruticosa) L. (Fabaceae: Astragaleae) je invazivna biljka koja kolonizuje brojna šumska staništa u Srbiji. Na poplavnim šumskim staništima ovaj žbun je opasan šumski korov zbog izuzetno izražene sub-spontane reprodukcije. U cilju pronalaženja kandidata za biološku borbu, od 2006. godine početa su istraživanja entomofaune bagremca u Srbiji. Istraživanja su obavljena u Vojvodini i po obodu panonskog basena (Mačva, Beograd i dr.). Prema dosadašnjim istraživanjima najznačajnija spermatofaga bagremca je bruhida, Acanthoscelides pallidipennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), poreklom iz Severne Amerike (Teksas). Morfološke karakteristike populacije u Srbiji slične su populacijama u Mađarskoj, Japanu i Teksasu. Procenat parazitiranog semena na istraživanim lokalitetima je 32,4%. Prezimljava u stadijumu larve u semenu i prva imaga su zabeležena krajem marta. Parazitoidi Eupelmus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) i Oedaule sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) su prvi put zabeleženi u novembru 2007. i to pojedinačno, a masovno su izleteli u periodu april-maj 2008. godine. Javljaju se u izuzetno malom procentu u infestiranom semenu i prezimljuju kao ektoparazitoidi larvi A. pallidipennis. Rodovi Eupelmus i Oedaule su autohtoni na području Balkana i prilagodili su se novom domaćinu. Pošto je A. pallidipennis konstatovana kao značajan redukcioni faktor generativnog razmnožavanja, u cilju uspešnijeg suzbijanja bagremca na naseljenim staništima, potrebno je nastaviti istraživanja bruhide i njenih parazitoida, kao i entomofaune ovog korova uopšte.

Indigo bush (Amorpha fruticosa) L. (Fabaceae: Astragaleae) is an invasive plant colonzing various forest habitats in Serbia In flooded forest habitats, this bush is a dangerous forest weed due to its high sub-spontaneous reproduction. In order to identify a candidate for biological control, a research of indigo bush entomofauna was initiated in Serbia in 2006. Investigations were carried out on the fringes of the Panonian basin (Mačva, Belgrade, etc.). in Vojvodina. The most important spermatophagous species of indigo bush, according to present knowledge, is the bruchid bettle Acanthoscelides pallidipennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), originating from North America (Texas). Morphological characteristics of its populations in Serbia are similar to those in Hungary, Japan and Texas. The percentage of parasitized seeds on the investigated localities was 32.4%. The beetle overwinters as larva in the seed and first imagoes fly out in late March. Parasitoids Eupelmus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) and Oedaule sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) were first observed in November 2007 sporadically, but they flew out massively in April-May of 2008. They appear in very small percentages of infested seeds and overwinter as ectoparasitoids of A. pallidipennis larvae. The genera Eupelmus and Oedaule are autochthonous in the Balkans and have adjusted to their new host. As A. pallidipennis has been identified as an important reducing factor of generative reproduction, research of the bruchid beetle and its parasitoids, as well as of entomofauna of this weed species in general, should continue with the idea of making advance in indigo bush control.