Efikasnost rada šumske troredne sejačice pri podsejavanju žira u sastojinama hrasta lužnjaka

Abstract

U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja efekata rada šumske trorede sejačice agregatirane na dva traktora različite nominalne snage. Razlika između nominalne snage traktora bila je 8.5 kW. Sejačica je tehničko rešenje ŠG "Sremska Mitrovica". Istraživanja su izvršena na površinama pripremljenim za podsejavanja semena hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.). U radu su analizirani efekti rada sejačice u zavisnosti od snage traktora. Primenjena je studija rada, odnosno metoda fotohronometraže i protočna metoda merenja vremena. Na bazi rezultata istraživanja proizilazi da u istim uslovima rada traktor veće snage ostvaruje i veće prosečne brzine u svim uslovima rada. Razlike iznose oko 15%. Učinci rada zavise od dužine parcele, odnosno sa povećanjem dužine smanjuje se učešća vremena okretanja u ukupnom vremenu rada. Jedan od elemenata koji ima uticaj na učinke rada je udaljenost žira za punjenje koša sejačice. Kako bi ovo vreme imalo što manji uticaj potrebno je pre početka rada izabrati optimalnu poziciju žira za punjenje koša sejačice. Definisanje uslova rada određeno je u zavisnosti od stanja pripremljenosti sečine i vlažnosti zemljišta. U toku rada javljali su se zastoji koji su rezultat konstrukcijskih nedostataka sejačice. Učinci su se kretali u rasponu od 1.81 ha/dan do 4.05 ha/ dan u zavisnosti od snage traktora, stanja setvene površine i dužine parcele. Prosečna potrošnja goriva traktora veće snage po efektivnom satu rada u istim uslovima je veća za 23.3%.

This paper presents the results of a study on the effects of operating a forest triple seeder implement aggregated onto tractors of various nominal powers. The difference in nominal power among the tractors was 8.5 kW. The seeder implement utilized in the study is a technical solution from FE "Sremska Mitrovica". The research was conducted on areas prepared for the underseeding of pedunculate oak seeds. The paper analyzes the effects of seeder operation based on tractor power. The study employed work analysis, specifically the method of photochronometry and flow measurement of time. The research results indicate that under identical operating conditions, a tractor with higher Topola/Poplar 2024, 213, 43-54 www.ilfe.org 44 power achieves higher average speeds in all operating conditions, with differences of approximately 15%. The operational effects vary depending on the length of the plot, as an increase in length reduces the proportion of turnaround time in the total operation time. One of the factors influencing operational effects is the distance of the seed loading point from the seeder's basket. To minimize the impact of this time, it is necessary to select the optimal position for the seed loading point before starting operation. The definition of operating conditions is determined based on the condition of the cutting preparation and soil moisture. During operation, there were interruptions due to design flaws in the seeder, with operational effects ranging from 1.81 ha/day to 4.05 ha/day depending on tractor power, the condition of the sowing area, and plot length. The average fuel consumption of higher-powered tractors per effective hour of operation under identical conditions is 23.3% higher.